Butyrate reverses the influence of fecal transplantation with microbiota from HFD-fed mice. (A) Experimental design for butyrate treatment of HFD-fed mice with FMT in a CAC mouse model. (B) Weight changes in the water and butyrate treatment with HFD-FMT before sacrifice. (C) Macroscopic polyps (arrows) were identified in the distal and mid colons. (D) Day-60 weight alterations in water and butyrate treatment with HFD-FMT before sacrifice. (E-F) The number (E) and maximal cross-sectional area (F) of macroscopic polyps were quantified. (G) Representative pictures of H&E staining in each group. Scale bar = 100 μm. (H-K) Histopathological analysis of colon inflammation (H), area associated with disease (I), hyperplasia (J), and dysplasia (K) following water and butyrate treatment with HFD-FMT. (L) Quantitative analysis of pathological score was calculated according to the following criteria: 0, normal; 1, LGD; 2, HGD; and 3, carcinoma. H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; LGD, low-grade dysplasia; HGD, high-grade dysplasia. Buty, butyrate. n = 8 in each group. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01.