. 2023 Jul 21;15:45–57. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.013

Table 5.

Effect of wheat bran inclusion level on nitrogen balance and energy balance of gestating sows.

	Diet¹						SEM		P-values
Item	WB0	WB10	WB20	WB30	WB40	WB50	SEM		Diet	Linear	Quadratic
No. of observations	6	6	6	6	6	6
Nitrogen balance, g/d
Intake	59.1	65.0	63.5	67.7	57.8	63.8		3.58	NS	NS	NS
Urinary losses	32.0	31.6	31.5	31.1	32.0	31.6		2.57	NS	NS	NS
Fecal losses	5.1^e	6.1^de	6.9^cd	8.2^bc	9.4^ab	11.1^a		0.43	<0.01	<0.01	0.03
Total losses	37.1	37.7	38.4	39.3	41.4	42.7		2.59	NS	0.04	NS
Retention	22.0	27.3	25.1	28.4	16.4	21.1		4.85	NS	NS	NS
Energy balance, MJ/d
DE intake	35.08^b	36.49^ab	35.24^b	37.36^ab	36.74^ab	38.56^a		1.424	<0.01	NS	NS
ME intake	33.77^b	35.19^ab	33.95^b	35.91^ab	35.56^ab	37.31^a		1.475	<0.01	0.03	NS
Energy losses in urine	1.02	1.01	1.03	1.21	0.99	1.14		0.189	NS	NS	NS
Energy losses as CH₄	0.28^a	0.29^a	0.26^ab	0.24^ab	0.20^ab	0.11^b		0.035	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
Total heat production	25.84	27.15	25.99	26.66	26.08	27.82		0.635	NS	NS	NS
Retained energy, MJ/d
Total	7.93^b	8.04^b	7.96^b	9.25^ab	9.48^a	9.49^a		0.766	0.03	0.09	NS
Retained as protein	3.27	4.08	3.74	4.24	2.44	3.13		0.723	NS	NS	NS
Retained as fat	4.66^ab	3.96^b	4.22^ab	5.01^ab	7.04^a	6.36^ab		1.106	0.04	NS	NS
Retained energy, % of ME intake
Total	23.4	22.7	23.5	25.6	26.6	25.5		1.91	NS	NS	NS
Retained as protein	9.5	11.6	11.1	11.8	6.8	8.4		2.00	NS	NS	NS
Retained as fat	13.9	11.1	12.4	13.8	19.8	17.1		3.08	0.08	NS	NS
Respiratory quotient	1.078	1.073	1.070	1.070	1.073	1.058		0.0107	NS	NS	NS

DE = digestible energy; ME = metabolizable energy.

^a-e Means within a row without a common superscript differ significantly (P < 0.05). Values were means of six observations per treatment. The P-values more than 0.10 were presented with “NS”.

WB0, corn-soybean basal diet; WB10, diet including 9.8% wheat bran; WB20, diet including 19.5% wheat bran; WB30, diet including 29.2% wheat bran; WB40, diet including 39.0% wheat bran; WB50, diet including 48.7% wheat bran.