Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants.
| Parameter | All | FMDa ≥ 5.0% | FMD <5.0% | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 2952 | 1486 | 1466 | |
| Age | 63.0 ± 8.3 | 61.2 ± 8.7 | 64.3 ± 7.6 | <0.001 |
| Women, % | 1859 (63.0) | 1045 (70.3) | 814 (55.5) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.2 ± 3.3 | 22.9 ± 3.2 | 23.6 ± 3.3 | 0.001 |
| Current or former smoker, % | 897 (36.2) | 399 (26.9) | 498 (34.0) | <0.001 |
| Drinker, % | 1095 (37.1) | 540 (36.4) | 555 (37.9) | 0.12 |
| Diabetes, % | 270 (9.1) | 123 (8.3) | 147 (10.0) | 0.031 |
| Hypertension, % | 839 (28.4) | 326 (21.9) | 513 (35.0) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia, % | 472 (16.0) | 238 (16.0) | 234 (16.0) | 0.952 |
| Median NT-proBNPb, pg/mL | 48.0 (29.0–81.0) | 47.0 (28–78) | 50.0 (29–83) | 0.188 |
| Median hs-cTnTc, ng/L | 5 (3–7) | 5 (3–7) | 6 (4–8) | <0.001 |
| Uric acid, mg/dL | 5.0 ± 1.2 | 4.9 ± 1.2 | 5.1 ± 1.3 | <0.001 |
| eGFRd, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 79.2 ± 15.5 | 80.1 ± 15.7 | 78.2 ± 15.4 | 0.002 |
| Hemoglobin A1c, % | 5.6 ± 0.6 | 5.6 ± 0.5 | 5.6 ± 0.6 | 0.001 |
| HDLe-cholesterol, U/L | 63.7 ± 16.8 | 64.7 ± 16.7 | 62.7 ± 16.9 | 0.001 |
| LDLf-cholesterol, U/L | 122.2 ± 30.4 | 122.1 ± 31.0 | 122.2 ± 29.8 | 0.635 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 131.7 ± 17.8 | 131.1 ± 19.6 | 133.5 ± 18.7 | <0.001 |
| FMD, % | 5.0 (4.2–11.3) | 7.8 (6.4–9.2) | 4.2 (3.6–4.7) | not applicable |
Values are mean ± SD, or number of subjects (percentage).
a
Flow-mediated dilation.
b
N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide.
c
High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T.
d
Estimated glomerular filtration rate.
e
High-density lipoprotein.
f
Low-density lipoprotein.