Table 2.
Hazard ratios for incident stroke according to FMDa levels.
| Model | FMD ≥5.0% |
FMD <5.0% |
|---|---|---|
| HRb | HR (95% CIc), p value | |
| Number of participants | 1486 | 1466 |
| All-cause death | ||
| Person-years | 7514.6 | 7370.3 |
| Number of deaths | 10 | 66 |
| Model 1 | 1 (reference) | 1.55 (0.98–2.46), p = 0.06 |
| Model 2 | 1 (reference) | 1.37 (0.84–2.23), p = 0.21 |
| Total stroke | ||
| Person-years | 7420.4 | 7140.4 |
| Number of cases | 39 | 105 |
| Model 1 | 1 (reference) | 2.74 (1.94–3.88), p < 0.001 |
| Model 2 | 1 (reference) | 2.13 (1.48–3.07), p < 0.001 |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | ||
| Number of cases | 19 | 25 |
| Model 1 | 1 (reference) | 1.37 (0.75–2.49), p = 0.30 |
| Model 2 | 1 (reference) | 1.09 (0.58–2.07), p = 0.77 |
| Ischemic stroke | ||
| Number of cases | 20 | 80 |
| Model 1 | 1 (reference) | 4.15 (2.54–6.78), p < 0.001 |
| Model 2 | 1 (reference) | 3.33 (2.00–5.52), p < 0.001 |
| Nonlacunar stroke | ||
| Number of cases | 15 | 57 |
| Model 1 | 1 (reference) | 3.75 (2.03–6.93), p < 0.001 |
| Model 2 | 1 (reference) | 2.77 (1.49–5.16), p = 0.001 |
| Lacunar stroke | ||
| Number of cases | 5 | 23 |
| Model 1 | 1 (reference) | 4.77 (1.81–12.56), p = 0.002 |
| Model 2 | 1 (reference) | 5.12 (1.74–15.05), p = 0.003 |
Model 1 was univariate Cox regression analysis using FMD values.
Model 2 was multivariate Cox regression analysis using FMD values adjusted for sex, age, smoking, drinker, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, estimated glomerular filtration rate, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and hemoglobin A1c.
a
Flow-mediated dilation.
b
Hazard ratio.
c
Confidence interval.