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. 2023 Sep 28;67(6):941–955. doi: 10.1042/EBC20220245

Figure 5. Current clinical and preclinical neutrophil therapies in cancer.

Figure 5

Top left corner: the combination of a CXCR2 small molecule inhibitor (AZD5069) plus anti-PD-1 expanded an immature anti-tumour neutrophil population, resulting in a reduction in tumour burden and an increase in survival [39]; clinical trial ongoing targeting these axes in advanced HCC [89]. Top right corner: Hoxb8 myeloid progenitors provide a continuous pool of neutrophils for genetic modification, enabling the identification of novel neutrophil-specific therapeutic targets to improve immunotherapy. Bottom left corner: the recent development of human CAR-neutrophils from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) showed high efficacy in a model of glioblastoma [96] and may be suitable for use in HCC. Bottom right corner: Further immunotherapy approaches, combining TNF and monoclonal antibodies anti-CD40 and anti-tumour-associated antigen, result in a high infiltration of activated anti-tumour neutrophils and antigen-presenting cells’ activation [91]. Figure created with BioRender.com