Effect of PA on the NLRP3 inflammasome in MPC5 cells and cell viability assay following dapagliflozin treatment. (A) NLRP3 inflammatory production in MPC5 cells following treatment with different PA concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mmol). (B) NLRP3 inflammasome production significantly increased in MPC5 cells treated with 0.2 mmol PA. (C) Cell Counting Kit-8 cytotoxicity assay following treatment with different concentrations of dapagliflozin (2, 5, 10 and 15 µmol). (D) NLRP3 inflammatory protein expression increased in MPC5 cells following treatment with 0.2 mmol PA. **P<0.001, ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001 vs. control group. PA, palmitic acid; NLRP3, NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3; MPC5, mouse podocyte clone 5; Con, control; dapa, dapagliflozin.