Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Overall | TB only | TB/COVID-19 coinfection | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of people, n (%) | 37 | 26 (70.3) | 11 (29.7) | |
| Age, mean ± SD, years | 43.6 ± 14.8 | 42.3 ± 15 | 46.9 ± 14.5 | 0.37 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 26 (70.3) | 18 (69.2) | 8 (72.7) | 0.83 |
| BMI, median (IQR), kg/m2 | 18.9 (17.4, 20.3) | 18.8 (16.9, 20.6) | 19.15 (16.8, 21.5) | 0.6 |
| MUAC, median (IQR), cm | 23.4 (22.6, 24.2) | 23.2 (22.3, 24.2) | 24.1 (22.3, 25.7) | 0.82 |
| HIV infected, n (%)* | 9 (24.3) | 7 (26.9) | 2 (18.2) | 0.32 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg (IQR) | 113.9 (108.5, 119.3) | 114.5 (108.6, 120.3) | 112.6 (99.1, 126.1) | 0.37 |
| History of TB, n (%) | 3 (8.1) | 3 (11.5) | 0 | 0.24 |
| COVID-19 vaccination, n (%) | 9 (24.3) | 7 (26.9) | 2 (18.1) | 0.57 |
| Smoking history, n (%) | 13 (35.1) | 8 (61.5) | 5 (38.5) | 0.39 |
| Alcohol intake, n (%) | 26 (70.3) | 19 (73.1) | 7 (26.9) | 0.56 |
| Symptoms, n (%) | ||||
| Fever | 33 (89.2) | 23 (88.5) | 10 (90.9) | 0.82 |
| Cough | 37 (100) | 26 (100) | 11 (100) | |
| Hemoptysis | 3 (8.11) | 3 (11.5) | 0 | 0.24 |
| Chest pain | 28 (75.7) | 19 (73.1) | 9 (81.8) | 0.57 |
| Duration of symptom, median (IQR), days | ||||
| Fever | 48.5 (25.5, 71.6) | 44.5 (13, 75.8) | 57.8 (25.3, 90.72) | 0.59 |
| Cough | 62.7 (41.1, 84.4) | 66.5 (37.3, 95.7) | 53.8 (23.3, 84) | 0.59 |
| Quantitative Xpert Ultra, n (%) | 0.72 | |||
| High | 14 (37.8) | 12 (46.1) | 2 (18.2) | |
| Moderate | 7 (18.9) | 2 (7.7) | 5 (45.5) | |
| Low | 16 (43.2) | 12 (46.2) | 4 (36.7) | |
| Laboratory values, median (IQR) | ||||
| White cell count, cells/µL | 6.78 (5.7, 7.8) | 6.9 (5.7, 8.1) | 8.2 (6.3, 10.1) | 0.31 |
| Lymphocytes, cells/µL | 1.5 (1.2, 1.7) | 1.6 (1.2, 1.9) | 1.2 (0.7, 1.6) | 0.12 |
| Neutrophils, cells/µL | 4.4 (2.3, 6.4) | 4.4 (3.2, 5.6) | 4.4 (2.3, 6.4) | 0.96 |
| Platelets, cells/µL | 320 (268, 371) | 346 (292, 400) | 262 (140, 384) | 0.12 |
| ALT, U/L | 34.4 (20.1, 48.5) | 32.1 (17.7, 46.6) | 39 (2, 76.3) | 0.64 |
| Hb A1C, % | 6.4 (5.6, 7.14) | 6.4 (5.6, 7.3) | 6.3 (4.5, 8.2) | 0.89 |
P values are Kruskal–Wallis or χ2. ALT = alanine transferase; AST = aspartate transaminase; BMI = body mass index; Hb A1C = hemoglobin A1C; IQR = interquartile range; MUAC = mid-upper-arm circumference; TB = tuberculosis.
*
Median CD4 in patients who were HIV infected with TB only was 146 cells per cubic millimeter, IQR (14.8, 277.1), whereas that for patients with TB and COVID-19 was 521 cells per cubic millimeter; the third patient had no CD4 count detected.