Table 2.
Strongyloidiasis prevalence based on a combination of diagnostic methods (studies with > 50 participants)
| First author, year, country* | Characteristic of tested collective | Most frequent countries of origin of collective | No. of positive/no. of tested (% positive) | Diagnostic method |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cobo, 2015, Spain32 | Patients diagnosed with filariasis Characteristics not mentioned for migrants from SSA |
Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, Equatorial Guinea | 37/97 (38.1) | Examination of stool (Ritchie’s method) Serology (not specified) |
| Salas-Coronas, 2015, Spain33 | Adults with eosinophilia attending a tropical medicine unit Characteristics not mentioned for migrants from SSA |
Senegal, Guinea Bissau, Mali | 166/492 (33.7) | Examination of 3 (up to 9) concentrated stool samples (Richie’s method), charcoal culture, screening of serum IgG antibodies to Strongyloides stercoralis by means of ELISA (DRG® Strongyloides IgG, Marburg, Germany) |
| Buonfrate, 2018, Italy16 | Living in refugee shelters, arrival in the past 6 months Median age (IQR): 23 years (20–27 years) 94.4% male |
Mali, Nigeria | 64/358 (17.9) | Examination of 3 concentrated stool samples (formol-ether), in-house immunofluorescence test |
| Salas-Coronas, 2018, Spain34 | Attending a tropical medicine unit Mean age (range): 27.88 years (14–74 years) 83.8% male Mean time living in Spain (range): 6.06 months (1–12 months) |
Senegal, Guinea Bissau, Mali | 84/488 (17.2) | Examination of 3 concentrated stool samples (Ritchie’s method), ELISA (DRG® Strongyloides IgG, Marburg, Germany) |
| Cobo, 2016, Spain18 | Attending a tropical medicine unit Characteristics not mentioned for migrants from SSA |
Senegal, Mali, Guinea-Bissau | 331/1,930 (17.2) | Examination of 3 stool samples (Ritchie’s method), culture, ELISA (DRG® Strongyloides IgG, Marburg, Germany) |
| Casado, 2019, Spain35 | Adults attending a tropical medicine unit Characteristics not mentioned for migrants from SSA |
Equatorial Guinea, Senegal | 59/418 (14.1) | Examination of 3 formalin-ether concentrated stool samples, ELISA for anti-S. stercoralis antibodies (DRG Diagnostics®, Marburg, Germany) |
| Salas-Coronas, 2020, Spain23 | Patients with schistosomiasis, with or without symptoms Mean age (range): 27.3 years (11–52 years) 93.9% male Mean time living in Spain (range): 39.6 months (1–288 months) |
Mali, Senegal | 35/326 (10.7) | Examination of 3 concentrated stool samples (Ritchie's method) Serology (not specified) |
IQR = interquartile range; SSA = sub-Saharan Africa.
*
Articles sorted according to the prevalence found at screening.