Table 2.
Summary of epidemiological, clinical features, neuroimaging findings, histopathological features, and outcome of patients of SSPE with vision loss (N = 96)
| Characteristic | Value |
|---|---|
| Age | |
| Mean, years | 17.86 |
| Median, years | 15 |
| Mode, years | 14 |
| Range, years | 2–62 |
| NA, n | 2 |
| Gender | |
| Female, n (%) | 34 (34.4) |
| Male, n (%) | 60 (62.5) |
| NA, n | 2 |
| Measles vaccination, n (%) | |
| Yes | 14 (14.6) |
| No | 14 (14.6) |
| NA | 68 (70.8) |
| Childhood measles, n (%) | |
| Yes | 46 (47.9) |
| No or NA | 14 (14.6) |
| Geographic areas of reported cases (N = 88), n (%) | |
| Indian subcontinent | 24 (27.2) |
| Europe, except Turkey | 23 (26.1) |
| Turkey | 15 (17.0) |
| United States and Canada | 14 (15.9) |
| Japan and Taiwan | 6 (6.8) |
| Australia | 4 (4.5) |
| Africa | 1 (1.1) |
| West Indies | 1 (1.1) |
| Duration of illness, n (%) | |
| Sudden/acute | 14 (14.6) |
| ≤ 15 days | 28 (29.1) |
| 16 days–2 months | 12 (12.5) |
| > 2–6 months | 19 (19.8) |
| > 6 months–2 years | 10 (10.4) |
| > 2 years | 7 (7.3) |
| NA | 6 (6.3) |
| Preceding vision loss, n (%) | 73 (76) |
| Neuroimaging, n | |
| NA | 26 |
| CT only | 8 |
| Normal | 4 |
| Cerebral atrophy | 2 |
| White-matter hypodensity | 2 |
| MRI | |
| Normal | 9 |
| T2/FLAIR hypodensity | 50 |
| Cerebral atrophy | 1 |
| Spinal lesions only | 1 |
| Basal ganglion/thalamus involvement | 3 |
| Cortical ribboning | 1 |
| Splenium of the corpus callosum and hippocampus | 2 |
| Disappearing lesions | 1 |
| Site of lesion, n (%) | |
| Retina and choroid | 58 (60.4) |
| Optic nerve | 9 (7.3) |
| Cerebral cortex | 29 (30.2) |
| Brain biopsy, n | 29 |
| Retinal biopsy, n | 7 |
CT = computed tomography; FLAIR = fluid-attenuated inversion recovery; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; NA = not available; SSPE = subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.