| Cell devices |
Inter/intracellular recorders |
Buckling |
3D arc-shaped |
Vertically directed
sensing diodes with predesigned locations |
High density
measurements of transmembrane potential at multiple
locations |
(325) |
| |
Single cell microgrippers |
Folding |
Polyhedral |
Conformal cell
capture enabled by folded gripper arms |
Nondestructive
and real-time analysis of 3D surface of cell |
(184, 372) |
| Organoid
devices |
3D electronic frameworks |
Buckling |
Conformally wrapping |
Compliant 3D electronic
neural interface in conformal geometries |
3D spatiotemporal
mapping of spontaneous neural activities |
(127) |
| |
Shell microelectrode arrays |
Folding |
Polyhedral |
3D conformal shells with tunable contact
area between electrode
and target |
3D spatiotemporal recording of encapsulated
organoids with
large contact area |
(128) |
| Electronic tissue
scaffolds |
Spherical cap-shaped electronic cell scaffold |
Buckling |
Hemispherical |
Creation
of biomimetic 3D microenvironments |
Noninvasive real-time
investigations of cell activities |
(138) |
| |
Tubular scaffolds |
Rolling |
Tubular |
Biomimetic tubular structures with multilayer
walls |
Enhanced viability and precise multicellular layering
of artificial
arteries |
(375) |
|
In situ monitoring
devices |
Piezoelectric microsystems |
Buckling |
3D arc-shaped |
3D compliant thin piezoelectric
structure with high sensitivity
to external forces |
Enhanced signals with high reproducibility
for differentiating
various motion states |
(132) |
| |
Climbing-inspired
twining electrodes |
Rolling |
3D helical |
Twining electrode capable of self-climbing along nerves |
Conformal neural interface for electrical stimulation and recording |
(310) |
| |
3D multifunctional membranes |
Curving |
Conformal curvilinear |
3D
conformal electronic membranes |
Epicardial mapping and
stimulation with a mechanically stable
interface during normal cardiac cycles |
(191) |
|
In situ therapeutic devices |
“Hookworms”
microgrippers |
Folding |
Worms-mouthparts-shaped |
Foldable sharp microtips that ensure effective latching onto
the GI mucosa |
Enhanced drug delivery performances enabled
by controlled long-term
residency |
(134) |
| |
Pain-blocking microfluidic
devices |
Rolling |
3D helical |
Soft, curled, nerve-clasping microfluidic channels with secure
sutureless attachment to nerves |
Long-term in
situ pain relief through neural
cooling |
(388) |
| Surgical instruments |
Instrumented
catheter |
Curving |
Complex curvilinear |
3D conformal electronic interfaces |
High-density
spatiotemporal mappings of multiple biological
signals and surgical operations |
(135, 158) |
| 3D
electromagnetic devices |
Hemispherical/spherical ESAs |
Buckling |
Hemispherical |
High volume
occupation of the Chu-sphere |
Wireless communication
with enhanced Q factors and broadened
working angles |
(301, 404) |
| |
3D magnetically charged
particle optics |
Rolling |
Tubular |
Self-rolling tubular microsized electromagnets |
Fast beam manipulation |
(405) |
| |
Cubic
magnetic sensors |
Folding |
Polyhedral |
Spatial rearrangement of sensing elements through self-folding |
Simultaneous measurements of three magnetic field components
in 3D space |
(98) |
| 3D displays |
Foldable
quantum dot light-emitting |
Folding |
Polyhedral |
3D foldable QLEDs in origami forms enabled by customized creases |
3D reconfigurable displays |
(297) |
| |
Ultrathin inorganic light-emitting diodes |
Curving |
Complex curvilinear |
3D arrangement
of multilayer LED arrays |
3D multilayer displays that
can be integrated on various unusual
substrates |
(45) |
| 3D devices for photodetection
and Light manipulation |
3D photodetectors |
Buckling |
Hemispherical |
Spatial arrangement
of photodetectors |
Simultaneous measurements of the direction,
intensity and angular
divergence of incident light |
(217) |
| |
Nano-kirigami
metasurface |
Folding |
Kirigami |
Out-of-plane configurations of plasmonic materials |
Giant intrinsic optical chirality |
(246) |
| Eyeball cameras |
Compound eyes cameras |
Curving |
Hemispherical |
Bioinspired spatial
arrangements of optical elements on hemispherical
surfaces |
Wide field of view, low levels of chromatic
aberrations and
deep depth of field |
(129) |
| |
Aquatic
eyeball cameras |
Curving |
Hemispherical |
|
|
(426, 427) |
| |
Tunable hemispherical electronic
eye camera |
Curving |
Hemispherical |
Tunable ultrathin kirigami membranes consisting of optoelectronic
pixels |
Imaging of objects at different distances with
low aberration |
(130) |
| Microbatteries |
Spiral
microbatteries and microelectrodes |
Rolling |
Tubular |
3D stacking of electrode materials |
High loadings of electrode materials with reduced footprint
area |
(313, 314) |
| Energy harvesters |
Piezoelectric
element 3D structures |
Buckling |
3D arc-shaped |
3D compliant piezoelectric structure with multiple vibration
modes |
High power output under wide range of frequencies |
(132) |
| |
3D flexible thermoelectric helical
array |
Buckling |
3D helical |
Enlarged temperature gradients through creations of altitude
intercept |
Enhanced heat exchange efficiency and output
power |
(289) |
| Robotics |
Electronic fliers |
Buckling |
Shapes resembling wind-dispersed seeds |
Rotational falling and low terminal velocities |
Flying with controlled rotational kinematics and enhanced stability |
(22) |
| |
Aquatic robots |
Rolling |
Tubular |
Construction of tubular jet propulsion
engines |
Untethered multimodal swimming in a controlled
manner |
(15) |
| |
Wall-climbing robot |
Buckling |
3D arc-shaped |
Reconfigurable
3D structures capable of large deformations |
Multiple
locomotion modes |
(16) |
