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. 2023 Sep 29;42:253. doi: 10.1186/s13046-023-02815-w

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Oxamate enhanced the function of TILs in both control T and CAR-T cells inoculation. 51 A GSCs were orthotopically inoculated into nude mice to establish glioma model. The tumor bearing mice were injected with sodium oxamate with or without control T or CAR-T cells. Tumors were removed from the mice at day 28, then prepared into sections for IHC staining or single cell suspensions for flow cytometry assay. (A) Timeline of tumor-bearing mouse models with treatment schedule. (B) Representative images of formalin-fixed paraffin embedded sections from xenografts stained using anti-CD4 and CD8 antibodies (×200). Scale bar represents 50 μm. (C) All lymphocytes were gated as CD45 + CD3 + cells. The percentages of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells within the CD45 + cells and CD4 + CD25 + T cells within the CD4 + cells. (D) The median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of perforin, granzyme B, and IFN-γ in CD8 + T cells. N = 5, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01