Fig. 7.

Specific defects caused by human α-syn overexpression in the neuronal cell body are revealed by the kinetics of ¹³C isotope labeling in three abundant organelles. a The schematic illustrates the determination of the difference in ¹³C enrichment between three organelle subtypes and the average ¹³C enrichment measured in the cytoplasmic compartment. b–d Measured ¹³C enrichments in three organelle subtypes: the mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus and the lysosomes. Violin plots are shown to compare the control and α-syn overexpressing conditions at both the 48 h (pulse) and 96 h (chase) time points. Note the significant decrease in ¹³C incorporation inside mitochondria at 48 h (b) and the significantly higher ¹³C labeling of the Golgi apparatus at the end of the chase period (c). The thick lines in the violin plots represent the median and the thin lines the upper and lower quartiles. Numbers of organelles analyzed per condition are indicated in the x-axis labels. 48 h: N = 11–12 neurons from 2 rats; 96 h: N = 12 neurons from 3 rats. Statistical analysis: Mann–Whitney unpaired two-tailed test; ns = not significant; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001