Table 2.
Stratified analyses of change in body composition according to behaviors of sleep between baseline and follow-up period in the groups who reduced sleep duration
| Dissatisfaction with sleep quality among participants who reduced sleep duration | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Good quality at baseline period | p-value | Poor quality at baseline period | p-value | |||
| Good-to-Good | Good-to-Poor | Poor-to-Poor | Poor-to-Good | |||
| Change in pAMI, adjusted means (95% CI) [kg/m 2 ] | ||||||
| Age [year] | ||||||
| 40–49 |
0.001 (-0.029, 0.031) |
-0.021 (-0.057, 0.015) |
0.052 |
0.000 (-0.039, 0.039) |
0.002 (-0.030, 0.034) |
0.882 |
| 50–64 |
-0.049 (-0.07, -0.028) |
-0.050 (-0.077, -0.024) |
0.905 |
-0.068 (-0.099, -0.037) |
-0.046 (-0.069, -0.023) |
0.112 |
| 65–80 |
-0.135 (-0.195, -0.076) |
-0.103 (-0.173, -0.032) |
0.145 |
-0.135 (-0.224, -0.047) |
-0.128 (-0.192, -0.063) |
0.847 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Men |
-0.101 (-0.145, -0.057) |
-0.111 (-0.162, -0.061) |
0.493 |
-0.098 (-0.157, -0.038) |
-0.097 (-0.144, -0.050) |
0.990 |
| Women |
-0.013 (-0.037, 0.010) |
-0.014 (-0.041, 0.012) |
0.892 |
-0.029 (-0.058, -0.001) |
-0.011 (-0.036, 0.014) |
0.085 |
| BMI [kg/m 2 ] | ||||||
| < 18.5 |
0.109 (0.004, 0.214) |
0.204 (0.060, 0.348) |
0.081 |
0.153 (0.011, 0.294) |
0.193 (0.077, 0.309) |
0.536 |
| 18.5–25.0 |
-0.014 (-0.032, 0.004) |
-0.021 (-0.044, 0.002) |
0.360 |
-0.030 (-0.056, -0.004) |
-0.014 (-0.034, 0.006) |
0.176 |
| ≥ 25.0 |
-0.093 (-0.126, -0.059) |
-0.095 (-0.136, -0.054) |
0.862 |
-0.099 (-0.147, -0.052) |
-0.090 (-0.127, -0.053) |
0.658 |
| Protein intake [g/day] | ||||||
| Low (< 40) |
-0.028 (-0.062, 0.005) |
-0.028 (-0.071, 0.015) |
0.976 |
-0.038 (-0.086, 0.009) |
-0.026 (-0.062, 0.011) |
0.548 |
| Middle (40–80) |
-0.040 (-0.061, -0.02) |
-0.043 (-0.068, -0.018) |
0.746 |
-0.053 (-0.081, -0.024) |
-0.035 (-0.057, -0.013) |
0.173 |
| High (≥ 80) |
-0.043 (-0.089, 0.003) |
-0.062 (-0.119, -0.005) |
0.298 |
-0.057 (-0.123, 0.01) |
-0.052 (-0.102, -0.002) |
0.864 |
| Physical activity | ||||||
| Low |
-0.052 (-0.077, -0.027) |
-0.043 (-0.074, -0.013) |
0.413 |
-0.065 (-0.098, -0.032) |
-0.046 (-0.073, -0.020) |
0.183 |
| High |
-0.032 (-0.053, -0.010) |
-0.047 (-0.074, -0.020) |
0.108 |
-0.039 (-0.072, -0.007) |
-0.031 (-0.055, -0.007) |
0.584 |
| Change in pFI, adjusted means (95% CI) [kg/m 2 ] | ||||||
| Age [year] | ||||||
| 40–49 |
0.184 (0.099, 0.269) |
0.157 (0.056, 0.258) |
0.402 |
0.228 (0.117, 0.339) |
0.152 (0.062, 0.243) |
0.102 |
| 50–64 |
0.007 (-0.049, 0.064) |
0.039 (-0.033, 0.111) |
0.213 |
-0.026 (-0.110, 0.057) |
-0.022 (-0.084, 0.041) |
0.906 |
| 65–80 |
-0.060 (-0.215, 0.096) |
0.063 (-0.120, 0.247) |
0.035* |
-0.120 (-0.351, 0.111) |
-0.084 (-0.252, 0.084) |
0.727 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Men |
-0.034 (-0.124, 0.056) |
0.000 (-0.104, 0.104) |
0.260 |
0.029 (-0.094, 0.151) |
-0.083 (-0.180, 0.013) |
0.021* |
| Women |
0.081 (0.001, 0.160) |
0.103 (0.013, 0.192) |
0.374 |
0.053 (-0.042, 0.148) |
0.059 (-0.024, 0.142) |
0.857 |
| BMI [kg/m 2 ] | ||||||
| < 18.5 |
0.428 (0.130, 0.725) |
0.701 (0.291, 1.110) |
0.077 |
0.541 (0.140, 0.942) |
0.487 (0.158, 0.817) |
0.770 |
| 18.5–25.0 |
0.124 (0.073, 0.176) |
0.154 (0.090, 0.219) |
0.187 |
0.105 (0.031, 0.179) |
0.088 (0.031, 0.144) |
0.604 |
| ≥ 25.0 |
-0.074 (-0.162, 0.015) |
-0.067 (-0.175, 0.041) |
0.858 |
-0.051 (-0.178, 0.075) |
-0.098 (-0.195, -0.001) |
0.397 |
| Calorie intake a [kcal/day] | ||||||
| Low |
0.036 (-0.017, 0.088) |
0.089 (0.024, 0.155) |
0.021* |
0.049 (-0.028, 0.125) |
0.006 (-0.052, 0.064) |
0.217 |
| Middle |
0.116 (0.019, 0.213) |
0.075 (-0.043, 0.192) |
0.266 |
0.096 (-0.035, 0.226) |
0.090 (-0.014, 0.195) |
0.921 |
| High |
0.086 (-0.107, 0.278) |
0.090 (-0.142, 0.321) |
0.956 |
0.004 (-0.256, 0.264) |
0.046 (-0.158, 0.251) |
0.690 |
| Physical activity | ||||||
| Low |
0.037 (-0.033, 0.106) |
0.069 (-0.015, 0.154) |
0.255 |
0.010 (-0.082, 0.102) |
0.013 (-0.061, 0.087) |
0.938 |
| High |
0.073 (0.015, 0.130) |
0.089 (0.016, 0.161) |
0.538 |
0.100 (0.012, 0.189) |
0.038 (-0.026, 0.102) |
0.126 |
adjusted means were calculated using linear regression analysis after adjusting for the sleeping duration at baseline, age, sex, income level, history of depression, calorie intake, protein intake, fat intake, BMI, follow-up duration, drinking status, smoking status, and physical activity
aMen: Low (< 2,400); middle (2,400 ≤, < 3,100); high (≤ 3,100); Women: Low (< 1,700); middle (1,700 ≤, < 2,400); high (≤ 2,400)
Abbreviation: pAMI (predicted appendicular skeletal muscle mass index); pFI (predicted fat mass index); BMI (body mass index); CI (confidence interval)
*p-value < 0.05