Table 1. Comparison of maternal demographic characteristics between the early and late groups.
COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; IQR: interquartile range; SD: standard deviation
| Early group | Late group | P-value | ||
| n = 125 | n = 125 | |||
| Maternal age (years), median (IQR) | 28 (23.5–32) | 28 (24.5–33) | 0.66 | |
| Paternal age (years), median (IQR) | 31 (27–35) | 32 (28–35.5) | 0.17 | |
| Duration of marriage (years) median (IQR) | 4 (1–8) | 4 (2–8) | 0.45 | |
| Parity | Primiparous, n (%) | 45 (36%) | 39 (31%) | 0.38 |
| Multiparous, n (%) | 80 (64%) | 86 (69%) | ||
| Amount of weight gain (kg), mean ± SD | 11.8 ± 10.1 | 10.7 ± 5.2 | 0.81 | |
| Education level of the mother | No formal education, n (%) | - | 7 (6%) | 0.17 |
| Primary school, n (%) | 39 (31%) | 49 (39%) | ||
| Secondary high school, n (%) | 50 (40.5%) | 30 (24%) | ||
| University/doctorate, n (%) | 36 (28.5%) | 39 (31%) | ||
| Education level of the father | No formal education, n (%) | - | 2 (2.5%) | 0.06 |
| Primary school, n (%) | 40 (32%) | 53 (42%) | ||
| Secondary high school, n (%) | 48 (38%) | 42 (33%) | ||
| University/doctorate, n (%) | 37 (30%) | 28 (22.5%) | ||
| Income status | Low, n (%) | 9 (7%) | 10 (8%) | 0.61 |
| Middle, n (%) | 110 (88.5%) | 104 (83.5%) | ||
| High, n (%) | 6 (4.5%) | 11 (8.5%) | ||
| Area of residence | Urban/suburban, n (%) | 112 (89.6%) | 115 (92%) | 0.37 |
| Village, n (%) | 13 (10.4%) | 10 (8%) | ||
| Type of family | Elementary, n (%) | 111 (89%) | 114 (91%) | 0.51 |
| Extended, n (%) | 14 (11%) | 11 (9%) | ||
| Planned pregnancy, n (%) | 92 (74%) | 92 (74%) | 0.99 | |
| Employment during pregnancy, n (%) | 25 (20%) | 26 (21%) | 0.99 | |
| History of miscarriage/stillbirth/neonatal death, n (%) | 36 (30%) | 41 (33%) | 0.62 | |
| History of chronic diseases, n (%) | 31 (25%) | 25 (20%) | 0.38 | |
| COVID-19 infection during pregnancy, n (%) | 7 (6%) | 11 (9%) | 0.30 | |
| COVID-19 immunization during pregnancy, n (%) | 27 (22%) | 11 (9%) | 0.001 | |
| Medication during pregnancy, n (%) | 17 (14%) | 19 (15%) | 0.59 | |
| Smoking, n (%) | 31 (25%) | 26 (21%) | 0.73 | |
| Pre-pregnancy depression, n (%) | 24 (19%) | 24 (19%) | 0.99 | |
| Depression during pregnancy, n (%) | 16 (12.5%) | 19 (15%) | 0.09 | |
| Exercise during pregnancy, n (%) | 29 (23%) | 31 (25%) | 0.34 | |
| Postpartum family support (person), median (IQR) | 2 (1-2) | 2 (1-2) | 0.09 | |
| Emergent delivery, n (%) | 49 (39.5%) | 52 (42%) | 0.72 | |
| Postpartum complication, n (%) | 26 (21%) | 31 (25%) | 0.76 | |