Table 1. Key themes and sub-themes emerging across included studies.

Key themes	Sub-themes	Context
Food and eating practices	Diet [43–55]	8 England, 1 Scotland, 1 Denmark, 1 Greece, 1 Ireland and 1 multi-country based* studies 8 studies caregivers’ perspective, 5 studies both children and caregivers’ perspectives, 3 studies children’s perspective 2 studies focusing on young children
	Compromised infant feeding practices [48, 56–59]	5 England based studies 4 caregivers’ perspective, 1 both children and caregivers’ perspectives
Children’s awareness of food insecurity	[46, 50, 52–55, 60]	6 England and 1 Spain based studies 2 caregivers’ perspective, 1 both children and caregivers’ perspectives, 3 children’s perspective
Fragility	Psychological fragility [46, 49, 52, 54–56, 60, 61]	6 England, 1 Greece and 1 Spain based studies 2 caregivers’ perspective, 3 both children and caregivers’ perspectives, 2 children’s’ perspective
	Social fragility [43, 48–50, 52–54, 56, 57]	7 England, 1 Greece and 1 multi-country based studies 2 caregivers’ perspective, 5 both children and caregivers’ perspectives, 2 children’s perspective
	Physical fragility [51, 52, 54, 55, 60]	3 England, 1 Spain and 1 multi-country based studies 1 caregivers’ perspective, 2 both children and caregivers’ perspectives, 2 children’s’ perspective
Networks of care	[43, 47, 50, 52, 55, 58, 61]	5 England and 1 multi-country based studies 3 caregivers’ perspective, 2 both children and caregivers’ perspectives, 1 children’s perspective 1 study focusing on young children

* Multi-based country includes England, Norway, and Portugal