Table 1.
Demographic characteristics by HRF/PH severity category.
| Mild (0–5) N = 5 | Moderate (6–10) N = 65 | Severe (11–15) N = 13 | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational age, weeks (median, IQR) | 37.7 (37–38.4) | 39.3 (38–40.4) | 37.6 (36.9–39.9) | 0.06 |
| Sex (%) | 0.21 | |||
| Male | 1 (20) | 43 (66) | 9 (69) | |
| Delivery method | 0.22 | |||
| C-section | 3 (60) | 42 (65) | 5 (38) | |
| Prolonged rupture of membranesa | 0 | 9/55 (16) | 2/10 (20) | 0.48 |
| Fetal distress during labor | 0 | 33 (51) | 4 (31) | >0.9 |
| GBS positive (maternal)a | 2/2 (50) | 19/54 (35) | 5/9 (56) | 0.59 |
| Maternal hypertensive disease | 1 (20) | 14 (22) | 2 (15) | 0.77 |
| Maternal diabetes | 2 (40) | 11 (17) | 2 (15) | 0.53 |
| Post-delivery resuscitation | 0.22 | |||
| Suction/stimulation | 2 (40) | 10 (15) | 1 (8) | |
| NIPPV | 3 (60) | 28 (43) | 5 (38) | |
| Intubation | 0 | 27 (42) | 7 (54) | |
| Compressions required post-delivery | 0 | 12 (18) | 4 (31) | 0.23 |
| Non-cardiac birth defect | 2 (40) | 7 (11) | 1 (8) | 0.26 |
| Genetic defectb | 1 (20) | 5 (8) | 2 (15) | >0.9 |
| Lung malformationc | 0 | 2 (3) | 3 (23) | 0.02 |
| Small for gestational age | 0 | 7 (11) | 2 (15) | 0.44 |
| Large for gestational age | 0 | 10 (17) | 4 (36) | 0.10 |
| Mechanism(s) for PPHNd | ||||
| Meconium aspiration | 1 (20) | 25 (38) | 4 (31) | >0.9 |
| Culture proven sepsis | 1 (20) | 2 (3) | 1 (8) | >0.9 |
| Pneumonia | 0 | 1 (2) | 0 | >0.9 |
| Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathye | 0 | 21 (32) | 6 (46) | 0.12 |
| Age at echocardiogram (median, IQR) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–1) | 0.02 |
aDenominators are shown when it differs from total column N due to some patients having “unknown” status.
bGenetic defects include all confirmed genetic abnormalities, two of which had Trisomy 21.
cLung malformation includes congenital diaphragmatic hernia (N = 2), sequestration, congenital pulmonary airway malformation, and severe pulmonary hypoplasia.
dColumn percentage does not equal 100% because infants may have had no identified mechanism, or multiple identified mechanisms.
eHypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) includes patients confirmed to have HIE as well as though that received therapeutic cooling due to concerns and ultimately without HIE.
Bold values indicate statistical significance.