Fig. 6.

Inhibition of inflammatory cytokine levels in DSS-induced colitis mice after CWE treatment. (A) TNF-α, (B) IL-1β, and (C) IL-6. All values are shown as the mean ± S.D. Asterisks above the bars indicate significant differences between the CON and DSS groups (Student’s t test; p < 0.05). Hash marks above the bars indicate significant differences among the DSS-induced groups (Dunnett’s multiple range test; p < 0.05). DSS dextran sodium sulfate, CON control, DSS 5% DSS-induced colitis, CWE 100 DSS + CWE (100 mg/kg B.W.), CWE 500 DSS + CWE (500 mg/kg B.W.), CA DSS + cinnamic acid