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. 2023 Sep 29;13:16420. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-41942-4

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Shows a comparison of the effects of verapamil and Tinospora cordifolia extract on heart rate. *P 0.05 indicates statistical significance compared to control (Group I). (n = 6). CaCl2 (5%) + verapamil (5 mg/kg, iv); Group VI: CaCl2 (5%) + Tinospora cordifolia (150 mg/kg, iv); Group VII: CaCl2 (5%) + Tinospora cordifolia (250 mg/kg, iv); Group VIII: CaCl2 (5%) + Tinospora cordifolia (450 mg/kg, iv).Group I: control. (Sharma AK, Kishore K, Sharma D, Srinivasan BP, Agarwal SS, Sharma A, Singh SK, Gaur S, Jatav VS. Cardioprotective activity of alcoholic extract of Tinospora cordifolia (Wild.) Miers in calcium chloride-induced cardiac arrhythmia in rats. Journal of Biomedical Research. 2011 Jul 1;25(4):280–6. PMID: 23554702. 10.1016/S1674-8301(11)60038-9))²³³.