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. 2023 Sep 29;13:16420. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-41942-4

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Shows the experimental methodology and the separated core. (A). Isolated guinea pig heart installed on the Langendorff apparatus showing the front view with all the electrodes and probes in place. (B). The usual procedure required at least 30 min for cardiac perfusion stabilization, followed by four periods of 15 min each for exposure to baseline and vehicle in three escalating doses.CPP, LVP, ECG and MAP were continuously monitored and recorded throughout the study. The horizontal bars show that the heart is beating freely and automatically, except slowly. (Guo L, Dong Z, Guthrie H. Validation of a guinea pig Langendorff heart model for assessing potential cardiovascular liability of drug candidates. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods. 2009 Sep-Oct, 60(2):130–151. PMID: 19616638. 10.1016/j.vasch.2009.07.002))²⁴³.