Table 3.

Unadjusted differences between before and after COVID-19 monthly average inpatient healthcare utilization by subgroup.

Category	Before COVID-19 (‘16.01–’19.12) (A)	Before COVID-19 per capita (C)	During COVID-19 (‘20.01–’22.12) (B)	During COVID-19 per capita (D)	% Absolute Change ((B-A)/A)	% Per Capita Change ((D-C)/C)
Total	1,010,167	0.020	970,067	0.019	−4.0%	−4.6%
Age
0–6 years	112,538	0.039	71,538	0.031	−36.4%	−20.6%
7–18 years	46,525	0.008	37,855	0.007	−18.6%	−12.8%
19–39 years	157,010	0.011	138,921	0.010	−11.5%	−6.7%
40–64 years	375,575	0.018	366,629	0.017	−2.4%	−4.6%
65–74 years	145,460	0.035	168,486	0.033	15.8%	−5.3%
over 75 years	173,060	0.053	186,637	0.048	7.8%	−9.2%
Sex
Male	471,759	0.018	458,518	0.018	−2.8%	−3.0%
Female	538,409	0.021	511,549	0.020	−5.0%	−5.6%
Health facility
Level 3 Hospitals	217,790		238,020		9.3%
Level 2 Hospitals	338,840		346,130		2.2%
Level 1 Hospitals	265,581		215,315		−18.9%
Clinics	137,033		106,988		−21.9%
Long-term care facilities	50,923		63,614		24.9%
Income level
Medicaid	80,419	0.053	77,721	0.052	−3.4%	−3.2%
0–20th	148,023	0.019	152,746	0.018	3.2%	−2.3%
20–40th	127,398	0.017	126,334	0.017	−0.8%	−2.4%
40–60th	171,066	0.019	161,248	0.018	−5.7%	−5.3%
60–80th	220,160	0.019	198,788	0.018	−9.7%	−7.1%
80–100th	262,012	0.018	254,098	0.018	−3.0%	−2.0%
Avoidable hospitalization
Non-avoidable	780,730		790,065		1.2%
Avoidable	229,437		180,002		−27.5%
Department
Internal medicine	238,175		249,731		0.1%
Orthopedic surgery	147,255		139,337		−5.7%
General surgery	93,482		89,513		−3.0%
Pediatrics	90,991		60,277		−42.3%
Obstetrics & Gynecology	63,852		51,153		−17.4%
Neuro Psychiatry	16,429		14,163		−17.1%
Otorhinolaryngology	23,397		21,068		−11.4%
Others	338,909		356,850		−0.3%