Table 4.
Overview of the included studies and their populations.
| Study characteristics | Overall studies (N=29), n (%) | Overall patients (N=73,039), n (%) | Black/African American patients (n=52,666), n (%) | Asian American patients (n=6527), n (%) | American Indian/Alaskan Native patients (n=96), n (%) | Hispanic/Latino patients (n=13,750), n (%) | ||||||||
| Setting | ||||||||||||||
|
|
Clinical-based | 15 (51.74) | 28,369 (38.84) | 12,887 (45.42) | 5994 (21.12) | —a | 9488 (33.44) | |||||||
|
|
Home-based | 13 (44.8) | 44,230 (60.56) | 39,779 (89.93) | 93 (1.42) | 96 (0.22) | 4262 (9.64) | |||||||
|
|
Community-based | 1 (3.44) | 440 (0.60) | — | 440 (100) | — | — | |||||||
| Design | ||||||||||||||
|
|
RCTb | 18 (62.06) | 5647 (7.31) | 3726 (65.98) | 551 (9.76) | 96 (100) | 1274 (22.56) | |||||||
|
|
CRTc | 3 (10.34) | 6253 (8.56) | 6044 (96.66) | 128 (2.04) | — | 81 (1.43) | |||||||
|
|
Non-RCT | 8 (27.58) | 61,020 (83.54) | 42,896 (70.29) | 5848 (9.58) | — | 12,276 (20.12) | |||||||
|
|
|
Quality improvement | 1 (12.50) | 40,808 (66.88) | 37,359 (91.54) | — | — | 3449 (8.45) | ||||||
|
|
|
Pragmatic | 2 (25) | 12,734 (20.86) | 3696 (29.02) | 5506 (43.24) | — | 3532 (27.74) | ||||||
|
|
|
Retrospective | 3 (45) | 6969 (11.42) | 1728 (24.80) | — | — | 5241 (77.79) | ||||||
|
|
|
Quasi-experimental | 1 (12.50) | 506 (0.82) | 110 (21.73) | 342 (67.59) | — | 54 (10.67) | ||||||
|
|
|
Feasibility | 1 (12.50) | 3 (0) | 3 (100) | — | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||||||
| Intervention | ||||||||||||||
|
|
Health coaching | 8 (27.58) | 2024 (2.77) | 1171 (57.86) | 102 (5.03) | 74 (3.66) | 677 (33.44) | |||||||
|
|
BPAd | 3 (10.34) | 43,489 (59.54) | 38,973 (89.62) | 342 (0.78) | — | 4174 (9.60) | |||||||
|
|
DMPe | 3 (10.34) | 13,315 (18.22) | 4127 (31) | 5506 (41.35) | — | 3682 (27.65) | |||||||
|
|
Telemedicine/virtual visits | 3 (10.34) | 674 (0.92) | 635 (94.21) | — | 22 (3.26) | 17 (2.52) | |||||||
|
|
Home BPf monitoring | 3 (10.34) | 810 (1.11) | 252 (31.11) | 8 (0.99) | — | 549 (67.78) | |||||||
|
|
CCMg | 2 (6.89) | 5575 (7.63) | 1039 (18.64) | — | — | 4536 (81.36) | |||||||
|
|
CDSh | 1 (3.44) | 440 (0.60) | 231 (52.50) | 128 (29.09) | — | 81 (18.41) | |||||||
|
|
Medication management | 2 (6.89) | 950 (1.30) | 916 (96.42) | — | — | 34 (3.58) | |||||||
|
|
Self-management | 2 (6.89) | 752 (1.02) | 312 (41.48) | 440 (58.51) | — | — | |||||||
|
|
Dashboard | 1 (3.44) | 4774 (6.54) | 4774 (100) | — | — | — | |||||||
|
|
Case management | 1 (3.44) | 236 (0.32) | 236 (100) | — | — | — | |||||||
| Role of EHRi | ||||||||||||||
|
|
Identification | 25 (86.20) | 71,782 (33.49) | 51,981 (72.42) | 6074 (8.46) | 96 (0.13) | 13,743 (19.14) | |||||||
|
|
Intervention | 21 (72.41) | 72,085 (33.64) | 47,419 (65.78) | 6509 (9.02) | 96 (0.13) | 18,061 (25.06) | |||||||
|
|
Monitoring | 17 (58.62) | 70,408 (32.86) | 47,289 (67.16) | 5941 (8.44) | 22 (0.03) | 17,156 (24.36) | |||||||
a—: not applicable.
bRCT: randomized controlled trial.
cCRT: cluster randomized trial.
dBPA: best practice alert.
eDMP: disease management program.
fBP: blood pressure.
gCCM: chronic care model.
hCDS: clinical decision support.
iEHR: electronic health record.