Table 5.

Results of the linear regression models on the longitudinal associations between (the change in) support provided by family, a special person, friends and parenting self-efficacy among parents of children aged 0–8 years participating in the CIKEO study (n = 647)

	Parenting self-efficacy at follow-up (Score range = 7–42)
	Model 5.1: Fully adjusted model support by familya	Model 5.2: Fully adjusted model support by a special persona	Model 5.3: Fully adjusted model support by friendsa	Model 5.4: Fully adjusted model including all three types of supporta
	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)
Support provided by family at baseline (higher)	0.04 (-0.02, 0.10)			0.03 (-0.05, 0.10)
Change in support provided by family between baseline and follow-up (increasing)	0.14 (0.08, 0.20)			0.09 (0.01, 0.16)
Support provided by a special person at baseline (higher)		0.02 (-0.04, 0.09)		-0.01 (-0.09, 0.07)
Change in support provided by a special person between baseline and follow-up (increasing)		0.10 (0.03, 0.16)		0.02 (-0.06, 0.10)
Support provided by friends at baseline (higher)			0.04 (-0.02, 0.10)	0.02 (-0.06, 0.10)
Change in support provided by friends between baseline and follow-up (increasing)			0.14 (0.08, 0.20)	0.10 (0.03, 0.16)
Explained variance (based on adjusted R2)	48.4%	47.7%	48.6%	48.9%

Table is based on the imputed dataset. Standardized Betas (β) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) from linear regression analysis. P-values < .05 in bold

^a Adjusted for the age of the parent, gender of the parent, educational level, family income, work situation, immigration background of the parent, family situation, age of the child, gender of the child, the number of children in the household, and parenting self-efficacy at baseline