Table 2.
Univariate Cox proportional hazards regressions analyses for overall survival (OS), loco-regional control (LC), disease-free survival (DFS)
| Prognostic factors | OS univariate analysis | PFS univariate analysis | LC univariate analysis |
|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI), p value | HR (95% CI), p value | HR (95% CI), p value | |
| Gender (F vs M) | 0.627 (0.357–1.100), p = 0.104 | 1.022 (0.717–1.457), p = 0.905 | 1.025 (0.687–1.531), p = 0.903 |
| Age (years) | 1.022 (1.003–1.041), p = 0.024 | 0.986 (0.960–1.012), p = 0.278 | 0.974 (0.946–1.003), p = 0.079 |
| Overall radiotherapy treatment time TT (days) | 0.978 (0.946–1.011), p = 0.185 | 1.007 (0.963–1.052), p = 0.768 | 1.005 (0.958–1.055), p = 0.834 |
| Clinical stage (UICC 7th edition) | 1.635 (1.379–1.937), p < 0.001 | 1.568 (1.233–1.994), p < 0.001 | 1.497 (1.150–1.948), p = 0.003 |
| Histology grading G1/G2 vs G3/G4 | 1.034 (1.011–1.057), p = 0.003 | 1.024 (0.993–1.056), p = 0.133 | 1.015 (0.980–1.051), p = 0.407 |
| ASA | 1.771 (1.287–2.438), p < 0.001 | 1.192 (0.717‑1.982), p = 0.499 | 1.376 (0.789–2.399), p = 0.260 |
| Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) | 1.149 (1.064–1.241), p < 0.001 | 0.989 (0.872–1.122), p = 0.867 | 0.980 (0.851–1.127), p = 0.775 |
| ACE-27 | 1.439 (1.177–1.759), p < 0.001 | 1.185 (0.884–1.589), p = 0.255 | 1.286 (0.931–1.776), p = 0.128 |
| PS ECOG (0 a 1 vs 2 a 3) | 2.761 (1.897–4.019), p < 0.001 | 1.104 (1.054–1.157), p < 0.001 | 1.090 (1.032–1.150), p = 0.002 |
| Haemoglobin concentration (g/dl) (anaemia vs normal level) | 0.975 (0.965–0.986), p < 0.001 | 0.640 (0.372–1.100), p = 0.106 | 0.846 (0.450–1.592), p = 0.604 |
| RT dose to the tumour (Gy) | 0.941 (0.920–0.963), p < 0.001 | 0.964 (0.922–1.007), p = 0.102 | 0.961 (0.921–1.002), p = 0.063 |
| PEG no/yes | 1.279 (1.068–1.530), p = 0.007 | 1.340 (1.036–1.733), p = 0.026 | 1.345 (1.011–1.790), p = 0.042 |
| TRST no/yes | 2.513 (1.737–3.635), p < 0.001 | 2.239 (1.324–3.784), p = 0.003 | 2.193 (1.227–3.917), p = 0.008 |
| Larynx subsite tumour location (glottis, subglottis, supraglottic) | 1.007 (1.003–1.010), p < 0.001 | 1.385 (1.134–1.692), p = 0.001 | 1.391 (1.113–1.737), p = 0.004 |
| Concurrent chemo/bio/radiotherapy: | |||
| RT alone vs Cisplatin weekly | 1.197 (0.803–1.783), p = 0.377 | 1.126 (0.701–2.143), p = 0.475 | 0.745 (0.352–1.578), p = 0.442 |
| RT alone vs Cetuximab | 2.404 (0.589–9.811), p = 0.221 | 5.776 (1.387–24.049), p = 0.016 | 2.014 (0.535–7.582), p = 0.300 |
| Smoking history (no/yes) | 1.128 (0.589–2.157), p = 0.717 | 1.316 (0.477–3.635), p = 0.596 | 1.490 (0.463–4.801), p = 0.504 |
| Alcohol abuse history (no/yes) | 1.611 (0.945–2.747), p = 0.080 | 0.695 (0.381–1.269), p = 0.236 | 0.914 (0.442–1.891), p = 0.809 |
| Weight loss before RT: | |||
| < 1 kg vs 1–10 kg | 1.668 (0.999–2.785), p = 0.050 | 1.881 (0.987–3.586), p = 0.550 | 2.323 (1.168–4.621), p = 0.016 |
| < 1 kg vs > 10 kg | 4.174 (2.130–8.181), p < 0.001 | 3.332 (1.406–7.899), p = 0.006 | 3.820 (1.478–9.872), p = 0.006 |
| Weight loss during RT: | |||
| < 1 kg vs 1–10 kg | 1.077 (0.735–1.577), p = 0.704 | 0.830 (0.483–1.426), p = 0.500 | 0.884 (0.482–1.620), p = 0.690 |
| < 1 kg vs > 10 kg | 0.859 (0.422–1.752), p = 0.677 | 1.207 (0.501–2.909), p = 0.675 | 1.554 (0.630–3.835), p = 0.339 |
| Second primary tumour | 0.898 (0.536–1.503), p = 0.682 | 0.281 (0.088–0.897), p = 0.032 | 0.343 (0.107–1.106), p = 0.073 |
| Marital status: | |||
| Married vs divorced | 1.220 (0.762–1.954), p = 0.407 | 1.239 (0.639–2.401), p = 0.526 | 1.291 (0.626–2.633), p = 0.489 |
| Married vs widowed | 1.813 (0.896–3.667), p = 0.098 | 1.597 (0.557–4.578), p = 0.384 | 1.430 (0.427–4.792), p = 0.562 |
| Married vs single (never married) | 1.938 (1.232–3.049), p = 0.004 | 2.221 (1.177–4.190), p = 0.014 | 2.194 (1.081–4.450), p = 0.029 |
| Education: | |||
| Primary school vs middle school | 1.161 (0.743–1.814), p = 0.512 | 1.827 (1.013–3.296), p = 0.045 | 1.766 (0.914–3.412), p = 0.090 |
| Primary school vs university | 1.151 (0.532–2.491), p = 0.721 | 0.765 (0.185–3.160), p = 0.711 | 0.884 (0.212–3.680), p = 0.866 |
Gender-F-females, M-men, RT radiotherapy, Gy (Gray), HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, UICC The Union for International Cancer Control, G grade, PS performance status, ECOG Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, ACE-27 Adult Comorbidity Evaluation 27, PEG percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube, TRST tracheostomy