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. 2023 Sep 29;8:145. doi: 10.1038/s41541-023-00739-2

Table 5.

Qualitative IgG and IgM titers of the investigated viruses among patients with long-COVID syndrome and healthy (non-infected, unvaccinated) controls.

Healthy (n = 105) Long-COVID (n = 105) p value
Male 38 (36.2%) 38 (36.2%)
Cumulative virus IgM positivity 7 (6.7%) 19 (18.1%) 0.02
CMV IgG positivity 60 (57.1%) 59/103 (57.3%)
CMV IgM positivity 1 (1%) 4/103 (3.9%)
EBV IgG positivity 100 (95.2%) 103 (98.1)
EBV VCA IgG positivity above detection limit 25 (23.8%) 42 (40.0%) 0.018
EBV IgM positivity 2 (1.9%) 7 (6.7%)
EBV EBNA IgG positivity 91 (86.7%) 100 (95.2%)
EBV EBNA IgG above detection limit 21 (20%) 18 (17.1%)
HSV IgG positivity 87 (82.9%) 82/104 (78.8%)
HSV IgG positivity above detection limit 44 (41.9%) 40/104 (38.5%)
HSV IgM positivity 2 (1.9%) 6/104 (5.8%)
VZV IgG positivity 105 (100%) 98/101 (97%)
VZV IgM positivity 2 (1.9%) 1/101 (1%)
Parvo_B19 IgG positivity 91 (86.7%) 86 (81.9%
Parvo_B19 IgG positivity above detection limit 24 (22.9%) 14 (13.3%)
Parvo_B19 IgM positivity 1 (1%) 6 (5.7%)

Comparisons were performed by using a two-sided χ2 test.

Bold values represent significant differences between healthy and long-COVID patient groups.