Table 3.
The table organizes the ongoing clinical trials based on their respective phases. Phase I trials encompass the evaluation of VISTA and B7-H3 immune targets (CA-170 and Enoblituzumab); Phase II trials assess drugs targeting LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT NKG2A and CD733; TIGIT is the novel immune target under Phase III clinical trial investigation.
| Phase | Immune Checkpoint Target | Drug | Mechanism of Action | ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase I | VISTA | CA-170 (oral PD-1, PD-L2, and VISTA antagonist) | Suppression of T cell activity and effector functions. | NCT02812875 |
| Phase I | B7-H3 | Enoblituzumab (anti B7-H3 mAb) | Inhibition of CD8+ and CD4+ cells. Reduction of inflammatory mediators. | NCT02381314 |
| Phase II | LAG-3 | Eftilagimod alpha (LAG-3 soluble fusion protein) | Inhibition of T-cell co-receptor during activation. | NCT036255323 |
| Phase II | LAG-3 | Relatlimab (anti-LAG3 mAb) | Inhibition of T-cell co-receptor during activation. | NCT04623775 |
| Phase II | LAG-3 | BI 754111 (anti-LAG3 mAb) | Inhibition of T-cell co-receptor during activation. | NCT03156114 |
| Phase II | TIM-3 | MGB453 (anti-TIM-3 mAb) | Inhibition of receptor on CD8+ and CD4+ cells. | NCT03708328 |
| Phase II | TIM-3 | TSR-022 (anti-TIM-3 mAb) | Inhibition of receptor on CD8+ and CD4+ cells. | NCT03307785 |
| Phase II | TIGIT | Tiragolumab (anti-TIGIT mAb) | Inhibition of T-cell receptors. Binding to CD155 and CD112 on cancer cells. | NCT04264210 |
| Phase II | TIGIT | Domavanalimab (anti-TIGIT mAb) | Inhibition of T-cell receptors. Binding to CD155 and CD112 on cancer cells. | NCT042994810 |
| Phase II | TIGIT | Domavanalimab (anti-TIGIT mAb) | Inhibition of T-cell receptors. Binding to CD155 and CD112 on cancer cells. | NCT04736173 |
| Phase II | TIGIT | Domavanalimab (anti-TIGIT mAb) | Inhibition of T-cell receptors. Binding to CD155 and CD112 on cancer cells. | NCT04262856 |
| Phase II | NKG2A | Monalizumab (anti-NKG2A mAb) | Inhibition of receptors on NK and CD8+ cells. | NCT03822351 |
| Phase II | NKG2A | Monalizumab (anti-NKG2A mAb) | Inhibition of receptors on NK and CD8+ cells. | NCT03833440 |
| Phase II | CD73 | Oleclumab (anti CD73 mAb) | Generation of adenosine leading to suppression of immune response. | NCT05061550 |
| Phase II | CD73 | Oleclumab (anti CD73 mAb) | Generation of adenosine leading to suppression of immune response. | NCT03822351 |
| Phase III | TIGIT | Tiragolumab (anti-TIGIT mAb) | Inhibition of T-cell receptors. Binding to CD155 and CD112 on cancer cells. | NCT04264210 |
| Phase III | TIGIT | Domavanalimab (anti-TIGIT mAb) | Inhibition of T-cell receptors. Binding to CD155 and CD112 on cancer cells. | NCT042994810 |
| Phase III | TIGIT | Domavanalimab (anti-TIGIT mAb) | Inhibition of T-cell receptors. Binding to CD155 and CD112 on cancer cells. | NCT04736173 |
| Phase III | TIGIT | Domavanalimab (anti-TIGIT mAb) | Inhibition of T-cell receptors. Binding to CD155 and CD112 on cancer cells. | NCT04262856 |