Table 2.

Optimal condition and carotenoid yields from thraustochytrids

Thraustochytrids (strain name)	Growth conditions	total carotenoids	Carotenoid yield	References
Schizochytrium mangrovei TB17	Glucose—3%, Yeast extract—1%, ASC—15%, Temperature—28 °C	35.86 ± 1.52 µg g−1	Astaxanthin—7.18 ± 0.21 µg g−1	Thom et al. (2022a)
Aurantiochytrium sp. SZU445	Glucose—20 g/L, Peptone—1.50 g/L Yeast extract—1.00 g L−1 KH2PO4—0.025 g L−1, NSW salinity—30.8–33.2% Temperature—23 ℃	42.39 ± 5.28 µg g−1	β-carotene—37.96 µg g−1 Phytoene—1.55 µg g−1 β-cryptoxanthin—1.57 µg g−1 Antheraxanthin—0.02 µg g−1 α-cryptoxanthin—0.25 µg g−1 Echinenone—0.72 µg g−1	Song et al. (2022)
Aurantiochytrium sp. TZ209	Glucose—20 g L−1 Yeast extract—10 g L−1, Monosod. glutamate—15 g L−1, Artificial seawater—21.25 g L−1 Temperature—28 ℃	–	β-carotene—386 µg g−1 Astaxanthin—221 µg g−1	Yin et al. (2022)
Schizochytrium sp.		–	Astaxanthin—8100 µg L−1	Liu et al. (2022)
Schizochytrium mangrovei PQ6	Glucose—90 g L−1, Yeast extract—10 g L−1, ASW—17.5 g L−1 Temperature—28 °C	–	Astaxanthin—10 mg g−1 Canthaxanthin—6100 µg g−1	Xie et al. (2017)
Thraustochytrium pachydermum TSL10	Glucose—9% Yeast extract—1% Temperature—25–28 °C	178.00 ± 2.43 µg L−1	Astaxanthin—8.30 ± 0.28 µg L−1	Thom et al. (2022b)
Schizochytrium sp. SHG104	Glucose—50 g L−1 Yeast extract—10 g L−1 Artificial sea salt—5 g L−1 KH2PO4—9 g L−1 Temperature—28 °C	–	Astaxanthin—4600 µg L−1	Park et al. (2018)

ASC: artificial salt concentration; ASW: artificial seawater, NSW: Natural seawater