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. 2023 Sep 29;8:144. doi: 10.1038/s41541-023-00733-8

Fig. 7. HPV mRNA-LNP vaccination combined with immune checkpoint blockade promotes tumor regression without increasing systemic adverse effects.

Fig. 7

a Volcano plot showing significantly (p value < 0.05) upregulated (log2fold change > 1, red) or downregulated (log2fold change < −1, blue) genes of clonally hyperexpanded (clone size ≥ 30) CD8+ T cells compared to that in non-expanded (clone size = 1) CD8+ T cells. b Schematic of therapeutic study design. Mice were implanted with mEERL cell line and vaccinated intravenously (10 μg/100 μl) on day 9, 14, and 19. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were administered intraperitoneally every 3 days (200 μg per treatment for anti-LAG3; 100 μg per treatment for anti-CTLA4). Whole blood, spleen, tumor, and draining lymph nodes (DLNs) were collected on day 25 for subsequent experiments. c, d Tumor growth following treatment (n = 5–8). Statistics were assessed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison tests. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001. e Body weight change following treatment (n = 5–8). f Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (CREA), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) following treatment (n = 5–6). Statistics were assessed using Tukey’s multiple comparison tests. Error bar = mean ± SEM.