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. 2023 Sep 29;13:16376. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-43497-w

Table 1.

Self-reports—descriptive statistics for self-esteem, social anxiety and social withdrawal across times, per gender and year.

N = 844 Participants
Time 1 Time 2 Time 3
n = 837 n = 817 n = 794
Self-esteem
M (SD)
Social anxiety
M (SD)
Social withdrawal
M (SD)
Social anxiety
M (SD)
Social withdrawal
M (SD)
Social anxiety
M (SD)
Social withdrawal
M (SD)
Gender
 Boys n = 427 38.82 (7.07) 6.77 (3.53) 4.72 (3.42) 7.34 (3.76) 5.25 (3.65) 7.52 (3.52) 5.41 (3.43)
 Girls n = 417 36.35 (8.52) 9.98 (4.22) 5.39 (3.86) 10.09 (4.06) 5.74 (4.10) 10.26 (3.84) 5.96 (3.71)
t(835) = 4.56*** t(835) =  − 11.94*** t(835) =  − 2.64**
Year
 Year 1 2018/2019 n = 175 38.20 (7.08) 8.18 (3.87) 4.31 (3.47) 8.33 (4.15) 4.16 (3.40) 8.04 (3.64) 4.14 (2.95)
 Year 2 2019/2020 n = 184 37.37 (8.11) 8.80 (4.25) 4.92 (3.69) 9.21 (3.76) 5.65 (3.68) 9.36 (3.71) 5.58 (3.45)
 Year 3 2020/2021 n = 270 37.85 (7.61) 7.92 (4.20) 4.84 (3.30) 8.47 (4.29) 5.55 (3.66) 9.00 (4.11) 6.16 (3.49)
 Year 4 2021/2022 n = 215 35.68 (8.45) 8.70 (4.27) 6.06 (4.01) 8.86 (4.26) 6.39 (4.40) 8.99 (4.00) 6.46 (3.89)
F(3,833) = 6.88*** F(3,833) = 2.21 F(3,833) = 8.33***

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.