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. 2023 Sep 29;13:16406. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-43802-7

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Bootstrapped difference tests (α = 0.05) results between the node strength of the variables in this study. The black boxes indicate a significant difference between the nodes, the gray boxes indicate no significant difference between the nodes. Abbreviations: Difficulty falling asleep (ISI_1), Difficulty staying asleep (ISI_2), Problem waking up too early (ISI_3), Dissatisfaction (ISI_4), Interference with daytime functions (ISI_5), Noticeable to others (ISI_6), and Worry/Distress (ISI_7).