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. 2023 Sep 30;14:6122. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-41897-0

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© This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Participants decided whether to stay at the current tree and harvest it for apples or leave and search for a new tree. If they decided to stay, they would receive a certain number of apples, shown below the tree, which was later translated to monetary reward added to their compensation. The number of apples remaining in the tree would then decrease according to a set depletion rate. Subjects would then make the stay or leave decision again. There were infinite new trees available. If participants decided to leave, they had to endure a travel time delay until they reached a new tree. This task was completed in four different reward environments, varying in travel time, which was either long (12 s) or short (6 s), and reward depletion rate, which was either steep (0.88 times previous reward) or shallow (0.94 times previous reward). Each block lasted 6.5 min and travel time and depletion rate remained constant throughout the block. Blocks were presented in random order across participants. Task adapted for current experiment in collaboration with Sara Constantino.