Table 4. Hierarchical Linear Modelling for work–life conflict.
| Variables | Work–life conflict | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Null | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||||
| y (SE) | df | y (SE) | df | y (SE) | df | y (SE) | df | y (SE) | df | ||
| Intercept (y00) | 22.02 (0.22)*** | 34 | 22.06 (0.16)*** | 33 | 22.12 (0.16)*** | 32 | 22.12 (0.16)*** | 32 | 28.58 (0.54)*** | 32 | |
| Level 2 | |||||||||||
| Psychosocial safety climate | −0.17 (0.06)** | 32 | −0.16 (0.06)** | 32 | −0.19 (0.05)*** | 32 | |||||
| Work from home digital job demands | 1.19 (0.21)*** | 33 | 0.89 (0.25)*** | 32 | 0.89 (0.25)*** | 32 | 0.51 (0.19)* | 32 | |||
| Level 1 | |||||||||||
| Psychosocial safety climate | −0.24 (0.02)*** | 1,920 | −0.24 (0.02)*** | 1,919 | −0.20 (0.02)*** | 1,751 | |||||
| Work from home digital job demands | 1.00 (0.05)*** | 1,968 | 0.67 (0.05)*** | 1,920 | 0.67 (0.06)*** | 1,919 | 0.54 (0.06)*** | 1,751 | |||
| Role | −4.39 (0.33)*** | 1,751 | |||||||||
| Time working from home | <0.01 (0.01) | 1,751 | |||||||||
| Interaction | |||||||||||
| PSC × work from home digital job demands | −0.01 (0.02) | 1,919 | |||||||||
| Additional Information | |||||||||||
| Within-team (L1) variance (r) | 59.32 | 51.3 | 45.74 | 45.74 | 41.22 | ||||||
| Intercept (L2) variance (u0) | 0.48* | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | <0.01 | ||||||
| 2 Log-likelihood (FIML) | 13,984.09 | 13,578.61 | 13,034.02 | 13,033.88 | 11,736.62 | ||||||
| Number of estimated parameters | 3 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ||||||
| Within-unit pseudo R2 | 0.14 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.31 | |||||||
| Between-unit pseudo R2 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.99 | |||||||
*p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.
N=1,790–2,019 participants, n=35 universities. Parameter estimates for hierarchical linear modelling are slope coefficients (y) with robust standard errors in parentheses. All Level 1 estimates were group mean-centred except for role which was uncentred. All Level 2 variables were grand mean-centred. SE: standard error; L1: individual level; L2: group level; FIML: full information maximum likelihood.