Table 1.

Basic Features of the Included Literatures

First Author	Country	Type of Study	Number (Male, Female), Mean Age)	Definition of NAFLD			Adjusted Parameters
			Total	NAFLD No NAFLD	NASH No NASH
Pan et al14	China	Case–control study		972 (659, 313), 48			482 (328, 154), 48	—	Liver ultrasonography	Waistline, SBP, DBP, FPG, TG, TC, HDL-C, ALT, AST, γ-GT, and CRP
			490 (331, 159), 48
Wei et al15	Hong Kong	Case–control study	991 (382, 277), 48	262 (141, 121), 51	—	Whole-body 3.0T scanner	Age, gender, BMI, SBP, DBP, waist circumference, creatinine, fasting glucose, HbA1c, TC, ferritin, HOMA-IR, TG, LDL, HDL, and PNPLA3
				729 (382, 347), 49
Yan et al16	China	Case–control study	805, 59.78	427, 61	—	Liver ultrasonography	Age, duration, BMI, Hb, MCHC, VB12, FA, AST, albumin, TBil, TP, DBil, UA, TC, SBP, HDL, LDH, RBC count, HbA1c, FPG, and DBP
				378, 58
Jung et al17	Korean	Case–control study	25 597 (9615, 15 982), >20	—	—	NAFLD liver fat score (2) hepatic steatosis index score	Age, SBP, BMI, FPG, diabetes mellitus, TC, daily alcohol intake, smoking history, and PA
Buzzetti et al12	European	Case–control study	468 (260, 177), 47	—	247 (148, 99), 50	Liver biopsy	—
					221 (143, 78), 45
Valenti et al18	Italian	Case–control study	487 (381, 105), 49	216 (167, 49), 49	—	Biopsy proven	—
				271 (215, 56), 45
Brea et al19	USA	Case–control study	80 (40, 40), 53	40 (20, 20), 53	—	Liver ultrasonography	—
				40 (20, 20), 51
Kasapoglu et al20	Turkey	Case–control study	2058 (1563, 495), 50	473 (380, 93), 49	—	(Mild) liver ultrasonography	—
				982 (792, 190), 45
Kasapoglu et al20	Turkey	Case–control study	2058 (1563, 495), 50	363 (273, 90), 50	—	(Moderate) liver ultrasonography	—
				982 (792, 190), 45
Kasapoğlu et al20	Turkey	Case–control study	2058 (1563, 495), 50	240 (118, 122), 51	—	(Severe) liver ultrasonography	—
				982 (792, 190), 45
Jeong et al21	Korean	Case–control study	558 (295, 163)	172 (132/40), 42	—	3.5-MHz transducer	—
				386 (163/22)3, 40
Parikh et al22	India	Case–control study	300 (165, 190), 18	250 (88, 162), 44	—	250 liver ultrasonography and 55 liver biopsy	—
				55 (40, 15), 42
				50 (37, 13), 41
Goh et al23	USA	Case–control study	405 (178, 226), 48	405 (178, 226), 48	291 (126, 164), 49	Biopsy proven	—
					114 (52, 62), 46

ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; DBil, direct bilirubin; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FA, fatty acid; FPG, fasting blood glucose; Hb, hemoglobin; MCHC, Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; HbA1C, glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, insulin resistance index; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; PA, physical activity; PNPLA3, patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3; RBC, red blood cell; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TBil, total bilirubin; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; TP, total protein; UA, uric acid; VB12, vitamin B12; γ-GT, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase.