TABLE 3.
Multinominal associations between measures of change in neighborhood SES of U.S. Hispanic/Latino adults and adherence to the 2012 American Cancer Society Guidelines on Nutrition and Physical Activity for Cancer Prevention
| American Cancer Society Guideline Adherence Categoriesa | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1, RRR (95% CI)b,c | Model 2, RRR (95% CI)b,d | Model 3, RRR (95% CI)b,d | |||||
| Low | Moderate | High | Moderate | High | Moderate | High | |
| Neighborhood deprivation indexe | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.86–1.06) | 0.87 (0.78–0.98) | 0.97 (0.87–1.07) | 0.89 (0.80–1.00) | NA | NA |
| Neighborhood change in income inequalityd | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.80–1.20) | 1.10 (0.89–1.37) | 0.98 (0.80–1.20) | 1.12 (0.89–1.40) | 0.98 (0.80–1.21) | 1.17 (0.93–1.48) |
| Gentrificationf | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.95–1.03) | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 0.99 (0.95–1.03) | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 0.98 (0.94–1.02) | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) |
Abbreviation: RRR, Relative Risk Ratio; SES, socioeconomic status; CI, Confidence Interval, SD, standard deviation.
aOperationalization of the guideline adherence categories is described in Table 1.
bAnalysis accounted for inverse probability weights for missing accelerometry data.
cModel 1 adjusted for individual level covariates: age (18–44, 45–65, >65), sex (female, male), married (yes/no), health insurance status (insured/uninsured), combined nativity and years in the U.S. (foreign born and <10 years in U.S., foreign born and 10+ years in U.S., US born), language preference (Spanish, English), Heritage (Central or South American/more than 1 heritage/other, Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican), study site (the Bronx, Chicago, Miami, San Diego).
dModel 2 additionally added individual-level socioeconomic status covariates: education (<high school, high school or GED, some college, college), household income (less than $30,000, $30,000 or more, missing).
eModel 3 added neighborhood-level covariates: percent foreign born (continuous) and neighborhood deprivation index.
fOperationalization of each neighborhood measure is described in Table 2. Neighborhood deprivation is interpreted as a 1-SD change with lower values of the index indicate lower deprivation and higher values indicate higher deprivation; Gini income inequality is interpreted as 10-unit change, thus, a 1-unit change represents a 10% increase in inequality; Gentrification index is interpreted as a 1-unit change, with higher scores reflecting greater gentrification.