TABLE 5.
Multinominal associations between measures of change in neighborhood SES of U.S. Hispanic/Latino adults and adherence to the 2012 American Cancer Society Guidelines on Nutrition and Physical Activity for Cancer Prevention, Restricted to 7,236 Never Smokers
| ACS Guideline Adherence Categoriesa | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1, RRR (95% CI)b,e | Model 2, RRR (95% CI)c,e | Model 3, RRR (95% CI)d,e | |||||
| Low | Moderate | High | Moderate | High | Moderate | High | |
| Neighborhood deprivation indexf | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.80–1.03) | 0.82 (0.71–0.95) | 0.93 (0.82–1.05) | 0.84 (0.72–0.97) | NA | NA |
| Neighborhood change in income inequalityf | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.70–1.21) | 1.04 (0.78–1.39) | 0.93 (0.70–1.22) | 1.06 (0.80–1.42) | 0.94 (0.71–1.25) | 1.14 (0.84–1.53) |
| Gentrification f | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.94–1.03) | 1.01 (0.95–1.08) | 0.98 (0.94–1.03) | 1.01 (0.95–1.08) | 0.98 (0.94–1.03) | 1.01 (0.95–1.08) |
Abbreviation: RRR, Relative Risk Ratio; SES, socioeconimic status; CI, Confidence Interval; SD, standard deviation.
aOperationalization of the guideline adherence categories is described in Table 1.
bModel 1 adjusted for individual level covariates: age (18–44, 45–65, >65), sex (female, male), married (yes/no), health insurance status (insured/uninsured), combined nativity and years in the U.S. (foreign born and <10 years in U.S., foreign born and 10+ years in U.S., US born), language preference (Spanish, English), Heritage (Central or South American/more than 1 heritage/other, Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican), study site (the Bronx, Chicago, Miami, San Diego).
cModel 2 additionally added individual-level socioeconomic status covariates: education (<high school, high school or GED, some college, college), household income (less than $30,000, $30,000 or more, missing).
dModel 3 added neighborhood-level covariates: percent foreign born (continuous) in all models and neighborhood deprivation index in the Gini income inequality models.
eAnalysis accounted for inverse probability weights for missing accelerometry data.
fOperationalization of each neighborhood measure is described in Table 2. Neighborhood deprivation is interpreted as a 1-standard deviation change with lower values of the index indicate lower deprivation and higher values indicate higher deprivation; Gini income inequality is interpreted as 10-unit change, thus, a 1-unit change represents a 10% increase in inequality; Gentrification index is interpreted as a 1-unit change, with higher scores reflecting greater gentrification.