Fig. 2.

Dysosmobacter welbionis J115^T produces several bioactive lipids and modifies the brown adipose tissue morphology. (A and B) Parts A and B show a bubble plot (A) and heatmap (B) showing the relative abundance of several fatty acids comparing D. welbionis J115^T and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN). Values were measured in % of total fatty acids. (C) Bubble plot representing the fold change increase or decrease of abundance in pg/mg of protein in D. welbionis J115^T comparing to EcN. (D) Abundance of 12,13-DiHOME, C18-3OH, 9,10-DiHOME, 10-TriHOME, and 12-TriHOME in the culture medium (sterile or fermented) of D. welbionis J115^T in pg/ml and at the bacterial level (of D. welbionis J115^T or Escherichia coli Nissle 1917) in pg/g of protein. (E) Representative H&E-stained pictures of BAT. Scale bar = 100 μm. (F) Percentage of white area on the slices, corresponding to lipid droplets, in the BAT. Number of measures per lipid: six in the sterile medium, eight in the fermented medium, eight in D. welbionis J115^T, and three in Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. Number of mice per group: 9–10. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for figure parts D and F. ∗P < 0.05; ∗∗P < 0.01; and ∗∗∗P < 0.001. Results are represented as mean ± SEM for figure parts D and F. 10-TriHOME, 9,10,13-trihydroxy-11-octadecenoic acid; 12-TriHOME, 9,12,13-trihydroxy-11E-octadecenoic acid; DiHOME, dihydroxy-12-octadecenoic acid.