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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023 Jun 9;21(11):2727–2739.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.05.025

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

ARM system descriptions. (A). Air-filled balloon of Schuster. 1, aneroid manometer; 2, syringe for air insufflations; 3, pear-shaped balloon (for the external anal sphincter); 4, doughnut-shaped balloon (for the internal anal sphincter); 5, rectal balloon for eliciting the rectoanal inhibitory reflex. Reprinted with permission from Pfeifer and Oliveira.28 (B). Water-perfused system. Reprinted with permission from Solanki D, Hibberts F, Williams AB. Pelvic floor investigations for bowel dysfunction (part 2): anorectal physiology (manometry). Gastrointest Nurs. 2019;17:24. (C). Solid-state system. Reprinted with permission from Solanki D, Hibberts F, Williams AB. Pelvic floor investigations for bowel dysfunction (part 2): anorectal physiology (manometry). Gastrointest Nurs. 2019;17:24. (D). Comparison of ARM catheters. Reprinted with permission from Bharucha et al.31 aFor high-resolution ARM (HR-ARM) catheters that use solid-state sensors. 3D, 3-dimensional.