. 2023;24(2):102–109. doi: 10.22099/IJVR.2023.42877.6230

Table 3.

Mean±SD of heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and respiratory rate (f_R) in anesthetized dogs (n=6) received ketofol (KET), and ketofol plus lidocaine (KLD), fentanyl (KFN) or dexmedetomidine (KDX)

Variable	Treatment	Time (min)
Variable	Treatment	Baseline	5	15	30	45	60
HR (beats/min)	KET	59±10	110±24^{A, a}	119±29^{A, a}	106±14^{A, a}	100±18^{A, a}	107±16^{A, a}
	KLD	60±8	122±18^{A, B, a}	124±15^{A, B, a}	125±7^{A, B, a}	127±8^{B, a}	116±13^{A, B, a}
	KFN	75±14	62±13^B	56±19^B	57±19^B	51±8^B	58±8^B
	KDX	68±4	55±4^{B, a}	48±6^B	47±8^{B, a}	49±7^{B, a}	50±4^{B, a}
MAP (mmHg)	KET	87±7	95±25^{A, B}	96±29	99±33	100±32	96±21^{A, B}
	KLD	91±26	77±19^B	81±24	83±22	71±13	70±13^B
	KFN	101±4	92±4^B	95±6	94±3	89±1	90±2^{A, B}
	KDX	75±10	114±6^{A, a}	109±9^a	105±8^a	101±8^a	99±10^{A, a}
f _R (breaths/min)	KET	15±2	10±3^A	10±4^A	9±3^A	8±3	9±3
	KLD	12±4	11±7^A	10±5^A	7±1^A	6±1	6±1
	KFN	17±4	4±4^a	5±2^a	4±1^a	7±3^a	9±7
	KDX	15±3	5±1^a	4±1^a	5±2^a	6±3^a	7±3

Different uppercases indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05), and different lowercases indicate significant differences from baseline (P<0.05)