Table 1.
Comparison of demographic features and vestibular function tests in AUPV (vestibular neuritis, VN) patients (n = 72) and healthy controls (n = 35).
| VN (n = 72) | R.VN (n = 37) | L.VN (n = 35) | HC (n = 35) | Value of p (VN-HC) | Value of p (R.VN-HC) | Value of p (L.VN-HC) | Value of p (R.VN-L.VN) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||||||
| Sex, male, n (%) | 39 (54.17) | 20 (54.05) | 19 (54.29) | 20 (57.1) | 0.758 | 0.777 | 0.793 | 0.984 |
| Age, years, median (95% CI) | 60.5 (59–63) | 62 (58–65) | 60 (58–63) | 59 (53–65) | 0.421 | 0.252 | 0.78 | 0.379 |
| Education, years, median (95% CI) | 12 (12–16) | 12 (12–16) | 12 (12–16) | 16 (11–16) | 0.474 | 0.503 | 0.539 | 0.9 |
| MMSE (30 points), median (95% CI) | 28 (28–29) | 28 (28–29) | 29 (28–30) | 28 (28–30) | 0.581 | 0.417 | 0.87 | 0.455 |
| Right handedness, n (%) | 72 (100) | 37 (100) | 35 (100) | 35 (100) | ||||
| D-VAS | 39.95 ± 1.75 | 41.01 ± 1.07 | 37.24 ± 1.90 | - | 0.591 | |||
| Audio-Vestibular function tests | ||||||||
| Acute phase (within 2 days of onset) | ||||||||
| Spontaneous nystagmus, mean (°/sec) | 13.7 ± 14.5 | 14.2 ± 11.3 | 12.9 ± 14.1 | - | - | 0.061 | ||
| vHIT hVOR mean gain | ||||||||
| Ipsilesional, median (95% CI) | 0.69 (0.61–0.76) | 0.64 (0.53–0.83) | 0.72 (0.62–0.76) | - | - | 0.968 | ||
| Contralesional, median (95% CI) | 0.96 (0.94–0.99) | 0.94 (0.91–0.98) | 0.97 (0.96–1.01) | - | - | 0.178 | ||
| Presence of corrective saccades, n (%) | 58 (80.56) | 28 (75.68) | 30 (85.71) | - | - | 0.285 | ||
| Caloric paresis, %, median (95% CI) | 66.96 (45.7–98) | 68.8 (36.4–110) | 66.96 (36.4–111) | - | - | 0.782 | ||
| Caloric paresis ≥35%, n (%) | 48 (66.67) | 25 (67.57) | 23 (65.71) | - | - | 0.933 | ||
| Cervical and ocular VEMP | ||||||||
| cVEMP p13 mean latency | ||||||||
| Ipsilateral, ms, median (95% CI) | 13.9 (13.6–14.6) | 13.9 (13.6–14.4) | 14.2 (13.5–15.3) | - | - | 0.515 | ||
| Contralateral, ms, median (95% CI) | 13.9 (13.5–14.2) | 13.6 (13.2–14.2) | 14.1 (13.2–14.6) | - | - | 0.48 | ||
| cVEMP amplitude AR, %, median (95% CI) | 21 (13–26) | 16 (12–25) | 25 (15–31) | - | - | 0.28 | ||
| cVEMP amplitude AR ≥ 40%, n (%) | 11 (15.28) | 4 (10.81) | 7 (20) | - | - | 0.116 | ||
| oVEMP n10 mean latency | ||||||||
| Ipsilateral, ms, median (95% CI) | 11 (10.8–11.8) | 11 (10.7–11.8) | 11.3 (10.8–12.8) | - | - | 0.118 | ||
| Contralateral, ms, median (95% CI) | 10.7 (10.4–10.8) | 10.7 (10.3–10.8) | 10.55 (10.2–11) | - | - | 0.624 | ||
| oVEMP amplitude AR, %, median (95% CI) | 26 (17–36) | 21.5 (14–45) | 27 (14–44) | - | - | 0.925 | ||
| oVEMP amplitude AR ≥ 40%, n (%) | 20 (27.78) | 11 (29.73) | 9 (25.71) | - | - | 0.855 | ||
| PTA, dB, median (95% CI) | 19.5 (15–24) | 20.5 (16–24.5) | 15.8 (12.5–24.5) | - | - | 0.396 | ||
| Recovery phase (follow-up 4 weeks after onset) | ||||||||
| vHIT hVOR mean gain | - | |||||||
| Ipsilesional, median (95% CI) | 0.82 (0.57–1.02) | 0.85 (0.57–1.03) | 0.76 (0.53–1.06) | - | - | 0.48 | ||
| Contralesional, median (95% CI) | 0.97 (0.93–1.03) | 0.96 (0.91–1.01) | 0.99 (0.91–1.07) | - | - | 0.41 | ||
| Presence of corrective saccades, n (%) | 22 (30.56%) | 9 (24.3%) | 13 (37.1%) | 0.307 | ||||
Values are presented as median (95% CI). Statistical significance was calculated using the Mann–Whitney U test. D-VAS, the visual analog scale (VAS) for dizziness; vHIT-ipsi, video head impulse test-ipsilesional; UW, unilateral weakness; VEMP, vestibular evoked myogenic potential; AR, asymmetry ratio; MMSE, mini–mental state examination; PTA, pure tone audiometry; dB, decibel; ms, millisecond.