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. 2023 Sep 18;14:1106625. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1106625

Table 1.

Characteristics of the included studies.

  Author, year Multi-center Country Study type (interventional vs. experimental) Controls Type of data Subtype of data Definition of cases N Age Definition of controls N Age Aim Comparator
1 Nazarudin et al., 2020 (27) No Malaysia Observational No Imaging Ultrasound PCOS ultrasound images 13 NR Classification None
2 Bharati et al., 2020 (28) Yes Bangladesh Observational Yes Clinical, and imaging data Anthropometric and hormonal features; Ultrasound Clinical diagnosis 117 NR Clinical diagnosis 364 NR Diagnosis None
3 Cahyono et al., 2017 (29) No Indonesia Observational Yes Imaging Ultrasound NR 14 NR NR 40 NR Classification None
4 Castro et al., 2015 (30) Yes USA Observational Yes Electronic medical records Signs, symptoms, comorbidities, medication, laboratory results, ultrasound findings ICD-9 code 256.4 NR NR NR NR NR Diagnosis ICD-9 codes
5 RoyChoudhury et al., 2016 (31) No India Observational Yes Metabolomics Aminoacids and energy metabolites Rotterdam Criteria 68 28.75 ± 4.28 Age-matched healthy non-PCOS women undergoing tubal ligation 74 29.65 ± 3.69 Classification None
6 Rodriguez et al., 2020 (32) No USA Observational Virtually generated clinical data Signs and symptoms Rotterdam Criteria 9 NR NR NR NR Screening/classification Board-certified reproductive endocrinology and infertility physician
7 Purnama et al., 2015 (33) No Indonesia Observational Yes Imaging Ultrasound NR 20 NR NR 60 NR Classification None
8 Prapty et al., 2020 (34) Yes Bangladesh Observational Yes Clinical data Antropometric, hormonal, and menstrual cycle data NR NR NR NR NR NR Diagnosis None
9 Chauhan et al., 2021 (35) No India Observational Yes Clinical data Symptoms and menstrual cycle data Women with PCOS 61 >18 normal non-PCOS cases 206 >18 Screening/classification None
10 Lawrence et al., 2007 (36) No Canada Observational Yes Imaging Ultrasound Polycystic ovaries 33 NR normal ovaries 37 NR Classification None
11 Mehrotra et al. et al., 2011 (23) No India Observational Yes Clinical data Menstrual cycle, metabolic and clinical data Clinical criteria* 150 31.24 NR 100 32.24 ± 2.02 Diagnosis None
12 Matharoo-Ball et al., 2007 (37) No U.K Observational Yes Proteomics Serum proteins/peptide biomarkers Rotterdam Criteria 12 NR age- and BMI-matched control 12 NR Classification None
13 Lehtinen et al., 1997 (38) No Finland Observational Yes Clinical data Hormones and blood biomarkers Adams criteria 54 27 ± 6 (14-38) regularly menstruating volunteers with normal ovaries 29 33 ± 5 (23-41) Classification None
14 Kumar, et al., 2014 REFID 101 (39) No Bangalore Observational Yes Imaging Ultrasound images Anovulatory infertily/PCOS 210 Images 25-35 Normal 210 Images 25-35 Classification None
15 Madhumitha et al., 2021 (40) No India Observational No Imaging Ultrasound NR NR NR NR NR NR Classification Physical identification
16 Ho et al., 2020 (41) Yes Taiwan Observational Yes Genetics Gene expression microarray 2009 Rotterdam Criteria and 1990 NIH criteria 48 NR normal ovulatory women without hyperandrogenism 181 NR Classification None
17 Gopalakrishnan et al., 2021 (42) No India Observational Yes Imaging Ultrasound PCOS imaging 35 NR Normal Imaging of ovary 55 (30 normal + 25 cystic) NR Classification None
18 Dong et al., 2015 (43) No China Observational Yes Clinical data Lipids, amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids, nucleosides and aliphatic acyclic compounds 2003 Rotterdam criteria 20 25.1 ± 4.51 Normal menstrual cycle, none clinical and biochemical hyperandrogenism 15 26.4 ± 2.92 Classification None
19 Deshpande et al., 2014 (44) No India Observational Yes Clinical and imaging Ultrasound, hormones and clinical data NIH criteria 9 NR NR 20 NR Diagnosis Manual detection and physician verification
20 Denny et al., 2019 (45) Yes India Observational Yes Clinical data and imaging Ultrasound, physiological symptoms, biochemical data NR 177 18 to 40 Normal or Non-PCOS 364 18 to 40 Diagnosis None
21 Deng et al., 2011 (46) No China Observational No Imaging Ultrasound PCOS imaging 31 NR NR NR NR Classification None
22 Dapas et al., 2020 (47) Yes USA Observational Yes Genome wide association Biochemical and genotype NIH criteria 893 28 (25–32) median, IQR phenotyped reproductively normal control women 4098 NR Classification None
23 Che et al., 2019 (48) No China Observational Yes Genetics Aberrant circular RNA (circRNA) expression profiles Rotterdam revised criteria 20 NR Who underwent IVF treatment for an indication of male factor infertility 20 NR Classification None
24 Cheng et al., 2019 (49) No USA Observational No Imaging Ultrasound 2003 Rotterdam criteria 2000 31.4 NR NR NR Classification None
25 Zhang et al, 2021 (50) No China Observational No Clinical data Metabolic data Rotterdam Criteria 50 30.24 ± 3.24 Regular menstrual cycles and normal ovarian reserve who sought treatment for infertility due to a tubal or male factor NR NR Classification None
26 Xie et al, 2020 (51) Yes Denmark, Ireland, India, China, USA, UK Observational No Genetics Gene expression microarray NR 76 NR NR NR 57 Classification None
27 Thakre et al, 2020 (52) No India Observational No Clinical data Physical and medical parameters, along with physical symptoms NR 177 32 NR 364 31 Classification None
28 Vikas et al, 2018 (53) No India Observational No Clinical data Lifestyle and food habits NR 119 18-22 NR NR NR Diagnosis None
29 Setiawati, et al., 2016 (54) No Indonesia Observational No Imaging Ultrasound images NR 2 NR NR NR NR Classification None
30 Rihana et al, 2013 (55) No Lebanon Observational Yes Imaging Ultrasound images NR 20 NR Healthy non-containing cysts 20 NR Classification None
31 Deng et al, 2008 (56) No China Observational No Imaging Ultrasound images NR NR NR NR NR NR Classification Manual image reading

Studies presented by lead author and year of publication with corresponding study characteristics. Age presented as median ± standard deviation when applicable. Shorthand denoted as: No Response (NR), Inner Quartile Range (IQR).

*The diagnosis of PCOS was made based on the following criteria: (1) Cycle length (oligomenorrhea) (2) clinical and metabolic features (3) polycystic ovarian morphology (presence of 12 or more follicles measuring 2-9 mm in diameter or increased ovarian volume) with the exclusion of other etiologies.