. 2023 Sep 14;11:1249235. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1249235

TABLE 1.

Effects of type I IFN signaling in the brain endothelium.

Disease/model	Stimulus	Pathway	Effects	Ref
AGS	SAMHD1 mutations	Unknown	Structural changes	Xin et al. (2011)
Stroke	NETs (DNA)	cGAS-STING	BBB dysfuntion	Kang et al. (2020), Wang et al. (2021)
Brain injury-associated infections	LCMV infection, LPS	IFNAR-MDA5	Vascular repair inhibition	Mastorakos et al. (2021)
Alzheimer’s disease	Amyloid-beta deposition	ISG activation	BBB dysfunction	Jana et al. (2022)
Cerebral malaria	EPs of Plasmodium-IE	STING	Leukocyte recruitment	Pais et al. (2022)
Cerebral malaria	EPs of Plasmodium-IE	STING	BBB dysfunction	Pais et al. (2022)
CNS viral infection	PRR activation in BBB	IFNAR-IRF7	BBB stability	Daniels et al. (2014)
In vitro BBB	IFNβ	Rho GTPases	BBB stability	Daniels et al. (2014)
In vitro BBB	Plasmodium-IE	IFNAR	BBB dysfunction	Shafi et al. (2023)
Brain endothelial cells	Plasmodium-IE	IFNAR	Immuno-proteosome activation	Shafi et al. (2023)
Brain endothelial cells	Plasmodium-IE	IFNAR	Antigen-presentation	Shafi et al. (2023)

Abbreviations: AGS, Aicardi–Goutières syndrome; SAMHD1, SAM, And HD, Domain Containing Deoxynucleoside Triphosphate Triphosphohydrolase 1; NETs, neutrophil extracellular traps; LCMV, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus; BBB, blood-brain barrier; EPs, extracellular particles; IE, infected erythrocytes.