Table 2b.

Cell type-specific manipulations in other structures in object exploration tests. AAV: adeno-associated virus or recombinant adeno-associated virus; CB: cerebellum; CeA: central nucleus of amygdala; C.N.E.: compatible with no important effect; CNO: clozapine-N-oxide; CRH: corticotropin-releasing hormone; dmSTR: dorsomedial striatum; EC: entorhinal cortex; h: hours; IPN: interpeduncular nucleus; ISI: inter-sample interval; ITI: inter-trial interval; L4/5: lobules 4/5; LC: locus coeruleus; Lenti: lentiviruses; LH: lateral hypothalamus; min: minutes; MCH: melanin-concentrating hormone; mPFC: medial prefrontal cortex; MSDB: diagonal band of Broca; NAc: nucleus accumbens; NOP: novel object preference; NPP: novel place preference; NR: nucleus reuniens; OC: object context; OiP: object-in-place; OPC: object place context; OVX: ovariectomy; PRC: perirhinal cortex; s: seconds; SALB: salvinorin B; SuM: supramammillary nucleus; TeLC: tetanus toxin light chain; TH: tyrosine hydroxylase; TOM: temporal order memory; (+) excitation; (−) inhibition.

Animal	Treatment	Test	Time of activation	Encoding	ITI	Findings	Reference
	mPFC
Lister hooded male rats	(+) mPFC excitatory neurons Lenti-CaMKIIa-ChR2	NOP	Post-sample 50 Hz	reach 40s or 4 min	5 min	C.N.E.	Benn et al., 2016
C57BL/6 female OVX mice	(−) mPFC excitatory neurons AAV8-CaMKIIα-hM4Di	NOP	Post-sample CNO 2 mg/kg, i.p.	reach 30s	24 h	Impaired	Tuscher et al., 2018
Lister hooded male rats	(+) mPFC excitatory neurons Lenti-CaMKIIa-ChR2	NLP	Post-sample 50 Hz	3 min	5 min	C.N.E.	Benn et al., 2016
C57BL/6 female OVX mice	(−) mPFC excitatory neurons AAV8-CaMKIIα-hM4Di	NLP	Post-sample CNO 2 mg/kg, i.p.	reach 30s	4 h	Impaired	Tuscher et al., 2018
Lister hooded male rats	(+) mPFC excitatory neurons Lenti-CaMKIIa-ChR2	OiP	Post-sample 50 Hz	5 min	5 min	Facilitated	Benn et al., 2016
	PRC
Long-Evans male rats	(+) caudal PRC neurons Lenti-Synapsin-ChR2	NOP 2D	During test trial 10-15 Hz at new obj.	reach 15s or 5 min	5 min	Decreased new image exploration	Ho et al., 2015
Long-Evans male rats	(+) caudal PRC neurons Lenti-Synapsin-ChR2	NOP 2D	During test trial 30-40 Hz at old obj.	reach 15s or 5 min	5 min	Increased old image exploration	Ho et al., 2015
C57BL/6J male mice	(+) PRC neurons AAV-hSyn-hM3Dq	NOP	Pre-test CNO 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.	15 min	7 d	Facilitated	Nomura et al., 2019
	LEC & MEC
Sim1-Cre mice both sexes	(−) LEC fan cells AAV-FLEX-TeLC	NOP	Not required	3 min	1 min	C.N.E. (Blunted)	Vandrey et al., 2020
Sim1-Cre mice both sexes	(−) MEC stella neurons AAV1/2-FLEX-TeLC	NOP	Not required	5 min	3 min	C.N.E.	Tennant et al., 2018
Sim1-Cre mice both sexes	(−) MEC stella neurons AAV1/2-FLEX-TeLC	NLP	Not required	5 min	3 min	Impaired	Tennant et al., 2018
	Subcortical and CB regions:
C57BL/6 male mice	(−) dmSTR neurons Lenti-TeLC	NOP	Not required	10 min	24 h	Impaired	Qiao et al., 2017
C57BL/6 male mice	(−) dmSTR neurons Lenti-TeLC	NLP	Not required	10 min	24 h	Impaired	Qiao et al., 2017
C57BL/6 male mice	(−) NAc neurons Lenti-TeLC	NOP	Not required	10 min	24 h	C.N.E.	Qiao et al., 2017
ChAT-Cre male mice	(−) MSDB choline neurons AAV-DJ-DIO-TeLC	NOP	Not required	10 min	1 h	C.N.E.	Pimpinella et al., 2021
CRH-Cre mice	(+) CeA CRH neurons AAV-hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq	NOP	Pre-sample CNO 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.	3-4 min x3	1 h	Impaired	Paretkar & Dimitrov, 2018
CRH-Cre mice	(−) CeA CRH neurons AAV-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di	NOP	Pre-sample CNO 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.	3-4 min x3	1 h	Facilitated	Paretkar & Dimitrov, 2018
Wildtype male mice	(+) LC TH+ neurons AAV2/9-PRSx8-hM3Dq	NOP	Pre-sample CNO 0.3 mg/kg, i.p.	15 min	1.5 h	C.N.E.	Fortress et al., 2015
Wildtype male mice	(−) LC TH+ neurons AAV2/9-PRSx8-hM4Di	NOP	Pre-sample CNO 0.3 mg/kg, i.p.	15 min	1.5 h 24 h	Impaired Impaired	Hamlett et al., 2020
MCH-Cre male mice	(−) LH MCH neurons AAV8-FLEX-Arch into LH	NOP	During sample trial exploring obj.	reach 30 s	1 h	Impaired	Kosse & Burdakov, 2019
GAD65-Cre male mice	(−) LH GABAergic neurons AAV8-FLEX-Arch into LH	NOP	During sample trial exploring obj.	reach 30 s	1 h	Facilitated	Kosse & Burdakov, 2019
Vgat-Cre mice both sexes	(+) SuM neurons AAV5-hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq	NOP	Pre-test 1 h CNO 1.0 mg/kg. i.p.	5 min	6 h	C.N.E.	Li et al., 2020a
Vgat-Cre mice both sexes	(−) SuM neurons AAV5-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di	NOP	Pre-test 1 h CNO 1.0 mg/kg. i.p.	5 min	6 h	C.N.E.	Li et al., 2020a
GAD2-Cre mice both sexes	(+) IPN GABAergic neurons AAV2-Ef1a-DIO-ChR2 & opto-fiber in IPN	NOP T-maze	During test trial 20 Hz	5 minx2	24 h	Decreased new obj. exploration	Molas et al., 2017
GAD2-Cre mice both sexes	(−) IPN GABAergic neurons AAV2-Ef1a-DIO-eNpHR3 & opto-fiber in IPN	NOP T-maze	During test trial constant light	5 minx2	24 h	Increased old obj. exploration	Molas et al., 2017
PCP-Cre: ChR2 both sexes	(+) CB Purkinje neurons Opto-fiber in CB L4/5 or simplex	NOP	During sample + test 7 Hz	10 min	24 h	C.N.E.	Zeidler et al., 2020
C57BL/6J male mice	(+) CB Purkinje neurons AAV8-Pcp2-hM3Dq into CB L4/5	NOP	Pre-sample CNO 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.	7 min	45 min	C.N.E.	Chao et al., 2021
C57BL/6 female mice	(−) NR excitatory neurons AAV8-CaMKIIα-KORD	NLP	Pre-sample SALB 10 mg/kg, i.p.	reach 30s	4 h	Impaired	Schwabe et al., 2021
C57BL/6 female mice	(−) NR excitatory neurons AAV8-CaMKIIα-KORD	NLP	Post-sample SALB 10 mg/kg, i.p.	reach 30s	4 h	Impaired	Schwabe et al., 2021
Vgat-Cre mice both sexes	(+) SuM neurons AAV5-hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq	NLP	Pre-test 1 h CNO 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.	5 min	6 h	Facilitated	Li et al., 2020a
Vgat-Cre mice both sexes	(−) SuM neurons AAV5-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di	NLP	Pre-test 1 h CNO 1.0 mg/kg. i.p.	5 min	6 h	Impaired	Li et al., 2020a
ChAT-Cre male mice	(−) MSDB choline neurons AAV-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di	NLP	Pre-test 0.5 h CNO 3.0 mg/kg. i.p.	10 min	1 h	Impaired	Pimpinella et al., 2021
PCP-Cre: ChR2 both sexes	(+) CB Purkinje neurons Opto-fiber in CB L4/5 or simplex	NLP	During sample + test 7 Hz	5 min	24 h	Impaired	Zeidler et al., 2020