Table 2c.
Pathway-specific manipulations in object exploration tests. AAV: adeno-associated virus or recombinant adeno-associated virus; ACC: anterior cingulate cortex; BLA: basolateral amygdala; CeA: central nucleus amygdala; C.N.E.: compatible with no important effect; CNO: clozapine-N-oxide; DA: dopamine; DG: dentate gyrus; dHPC: dorsal hippocampus; DLS: dorsolateral septum; h: hours; iCA1: intermediate CA1; IPN: interpeduncular nucleus; ISI: inter-sample interval; ITI: inter-trial interval; LC: locus coeruleus; LEC: lateral entorhinal cortex; Lenti: lentiviruses; mHb: medial habenula; min: minutes; mPFC: medial prefrontal cortex; MS: medial septum; NAc: nucleus accumbens; OVX: ovariectomy; pdCA1: posterior dorsal CA1; s: seconds; SuM: supramammillary nucleus; TH: tyrosine hydroxylase; vHPC: ventral hippocampus; VTA: ventral tegmental area; (+) excitation; (−) inhibition. *Two novel objects were replaced out of four objects. **The manipulated group was still able to show a preference for the novel object.
| Animal | Treatment | Time of activation | Encoding | ITI | Findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOP test: | ||||||
| Lister Hooded male rats |
(−) pdCA1 neurons -< mPFC Lenti-lacZ into mPFC + cannule into pdCA1 |
Days before Daun02 4 μg/μl |
4 min x4 | 1 h | C.N.E. | Barker et al., 2017 |
| Lister Hooded male rats |
(−) iCA1 neurons -< mPFC Lenti-lacZ into mPFC + cannule into iCA1 |
Days before Daun02 4 μg/μl |
5 min | 1 h | C.N.E.* | Barker et al., 2017 |
| Gad2-Cre male mice |
(−) LEC GABAergic terminals in dCA1 AAV2/9-Syn-FLEX-PSAM into LEC, cannulae in dCA1 |
Pre-sample PSEM308 15 μM/0.5 μl |
10 min x2 | 10 min | Blunted** | Basu et al., 2016 |
| C57BL/6J male mice |
(+) selectively CeA neurons -< LC AAV-CAG-Cre into LC + AAV-hSyn-DIO-hM3Ds into CeA |
Pre-sample CNO 1 mg/kg, i.p. |
3-4 minx3 | 1 h | Facilitated | Paretkar & Dimitrov, 2018 |
| Long Evans male TH-Cre rats |
(−) LC TH terminals in BLA AAV2-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di into LC, cannulae in BLA |
Pre-sample CNO 3 μM/0.5 μl |
10 min | 3 h 24 h |
C.N.E. C.N.E. |
Llorca-Torralba et al., 2019 |
| Long Evans male TH-Cre rats |
(+) LC TH terminals in BLA AAV2-hSyn-DIO-hM3Ds into LC, cannulae in BLA |
Pre-sample CNO 3 μM/0.5 μl |
10 min | 3 h 24 h |
C.N.E. C.N.E. |
Llorca-Torralba et al., 2019 |
| C57BL/6J mice both sexes |
(−) selectively subiculum excitatory neurons -< CA1 CAV2-Cre into CA1 + AAV2-DIO-hM4Di into subiculum |
Pre-sample CNO 1.5 mg/kg, i.p. |
10 min | 24 h | C.N.E. | Sun et al., 2019 |
| C57BL/6J mice either sex |
(−) selectively CA1 neurons -< dorsal CA3 CAV2-Cre into CA3 + AAV2-DIO-hM4Di into CA1 |
Pre-sample CNO 5.0 mg/kg, i.p. |
10 min | 24 h | Impaired | Lin et al., 2021 |
| C57BL/6 mice female OVX |
(−) mFPC + dHPC excitatory neurons AAV8-CaMKIIα-hM4Di into mPFC AAV8-CaMKIIα-KORD into dHPC |
Post-sample CNO + SALB subdoses |
reach 30s | 24 h | Impaired | Tuscher et al., 2018 |
| C57BL/6 male mice |
(+) selectively vHPC neurons -< mPFC AAV2-Cre into mPFC + AAV8-DIO-hSyn-hM3Dq into vHPC |
Pre-test CNO 3 mg/kg, i.p. |
10 min x7 | 24 h | C.N.E. | Phillips et al., 2019 |
| C57BL/6J male mice |
(−) MS neurons -< dHPC AAV2-Cre into dHPC + AAV9-DIO-hM4Di into MS |
Pre-test CNO 1.0 mg/kg, i.p. |
5 min | 1 h | C.N.E. | Jin et al., 2020 |
| C57BL/6J male mice |
(−) MS neurons -< ACC AAV2-Cre into ACC + AAV9-DIO-hM4Di into MS |
Pre-test CNO 1.0 mg/kg, i.p. |
5 min | 1 h | C.N.E. | Jin et al., 2020 |
| C57BL/6 male mice |
(−) CA2/3 excitatory terminals in CA1 AAV5-CaMKIIα-eNpHR into CA2/3 & opto-fiber into CA1 |
During test trial | 5 min x3 | 5 min | Impaired | Raam et al., 2017 |
| C57BL/6 male mice |
(−) CA2/3 excitatory terminals in pCA1 AAV5-CaMKIIα-eNpHR into CA2/3 & opto-fiber into pCA1 |
During test trial | 5 min x3 | 5 min | C.N.E. | Raam et al., 2017 |
| C57BL/6 male mice |
(−) CA2/3 excitatory terminals in DLS AAV5-CaMKIIα-eNpHR into CA2/3 & opto-fiber into DLS |
During test trial | 5 min x3 | 5 min | C.N.E. | Raam et al., 2017 |
| Trpc4-Cre male mice |
(−) vCA1 excitatory terminals at NAc AAV9-hSyn-DIO-eArchT into vCA1 & opto-fiber into NAc |
During test trial constant light |
6 min x3 | 24 h | C.N.E. | Okuyama et al., 2016 |
| DAT-Cre mice both sexes |
(+) VTA DA terminals in IPN AAV2-Ef1a-DIO-ChR2 into VTA, opto-fiber in IPN |
During test trial 30 Hz |
5 minx2 | 24 h | C.N.E. | Molas et al., 2017 |
| Chat-Cre mice both sexes |
(+) mHb choline-/glutamatergic terminals in IPN AAV2-Ef1a-DIO-ChR2 into mHb, opto-fiber in IPN |
During test trial 20 Hz |
5 minx2 | 24 h | Impaired | Molas et al., 2017 |
| Chat-Cre mice both sexes |
(−) mHb choline-/glutamatergic terminals in IPN AAV2-Ef1a-DIO-NpHR3.0 into mHb, opto-fiber in IPN |
During test trial constant light |
5 minx2 | 24 h | Impaired | Molas et al., 2017 |
| NLP test: | ||||||
| Lister Hooded male rats |
(−) pdCA1 neurons -< mPFC Lenti-lacZ into mPFC + cannule into pdCA1 |
Days before Daun02 4 μg/μl |
3 min | 4 h | C.N.E. | Barker et al., 2017 |
| Lister Hooded male rats |
(−) iCA1 neurons -< mPFC Lenti-lacZ into mPFC + cannule into iCA1 |
Days before Daun02 4 μg/μl |
3 min | 4 h | C.N.E. | Barker et al., 2017 |
| TH-IRES-Cre mice both sexes |
(+) LC TH terminals in dHPC AAV2/5-EF1a-DIO-ChR2 into LC + optic fiber in dHPC |
During sample trial 20 Hz |
5 min | 24 h | Facilitated | Kempadoo et al., 2016 |
| Rosa-LSL-ChR2 both sexes |
(+) selectively subiculum neurons -< CA1 AAVrg-hSyn-Cre into CA1 + opto-fiber in subiculum |
During sample trial 6 Hz |
3 min | 24 h | Facilitated | Sun et al., 2019 |
| Vgat-Cre mice both sexes |
(+) SuM terminals in DG AAV5-EF1α-DIO-ChR2 into SuM + optic fiber in DG |
During sample trial 10 Hz |
5 min | 6 h | C.N.E. | Li et al., 2020a |
| Vgat-Cre mice both sexes |
(−) SuM terminals in DG AAV5-EF1α-DIO-Arch3.0 into SuM + optic fiber in DG |
During sample trial constant light |
5 min | 6 h | C.N.E. | Li et al., 2020a |
| C57BL/6J mice both sexes |
(−) selectively subiculum excitatory neurons -< CA1 CAV2-Cre into CA1 + AAV2-DIO-hM4Di into subiculum |
Pre-sample CNO 1.5 mg/kg, i.p. |
10 min | 24 h | Impaired | Sun et al., 2019 |
| C57BL/6J mice either sex |
(−) selectively CA1 neurons -< dorsal CA3 CAV2-Cre into CA3 + AAV2-DIO-hM4Di into CA1 |
Pre-sample CNO 5.0 mg/kg, i.p. |
10 min | 24 h | Impaired | Lin et al., 2021 |
| C57BL/6 mice female OVX |
(−) mFPC + dHPC excitatory neurons AAV8-CaMKIIα-hM4Di into mPFC + AAV8-CaMKIIα-KORD into dHPC |
Post-sample CNO + SALB subdoses |
reach 30s | 4 h | Impaired | Tuscher et al., 2018 |
| Vgat-Cre mice both sexes |
(+) SuM terminals in DG AAV5-EF1α-DIO-ChR2 into SuM + optic fiber in DG |
During test trial 10 Hz |
5 min | 6 h | Facilitated | Li et al., 2020a |
| Vgat-Cre mice both sexes |
(+) SuM terminals in CA2 AAV5-EF1α-DIO-ChR2 into SuM + optic fiber in CA2 |
During test trial 10 Hz |
5 min | 6 h | C.N.E. | Li et al., 2020a |
| Vgat-Cre mice both sexes |
(−) SuM terminals in DG AAV5-EF1α-DIO-Arch3.0 into SuM + optic fiber in DG |
During test trial constant light |
5 min | 6 h | Impaired | Li et al., 2020a |
| C57BL/6J male mice |
(−) MS neurons -< dHPC AAV2-Cre into dHPC + AAV9-DIO-hM4Di into MS |
Pre-test CNO 1.0 mg/kg, i.p. |
5 min | 1 h | Impaired | Jin et al., 2020 |
| C57BL/6J male mice |
(−) MS neurons -< ACC AAV2-Cre into ACC + AAV9-DIO-hM4Di into MS |
Pre-test CNO 1.0 mg/kg, i.p. |
5 min | 1 h | C.N.E. | Jin et al., 2020 |
| OiP test: | ||||||
| Lister Hooded male rats |
(−) pdCA1 neurons -< mPFC Lenti-lacZ into mPFC + cannule into pdCA1 |
Days before Daun02 4 μg/μl |
5 min | 1 h | C.N.E. | Barker et al., 2017 |
| Lister Hooded male rats |
(−) iCA1 neurons -< mPFC Lenti-lacZ into mPFC + cannule into iCA1 |
Days before Daun02 4 μg/μl |
5 min | 1 h | Impaired | Barker et al., 2017 |
| C57BL/6J male mice |
(−) MS neurons -< dHPC AAV2-Cre into dHPC + AAV9-DIO-hM4Di into MS |
Pre-test CNO 1.0 mg/kg, i.p. |
10 min | 1 h | Impaired | Jin et al., 2020 |
| C57BL/6J male mice |
(−) MS neurons -< ACC AAV2-Cre into ACC + AAV9-DIO-hM4Di into MS |
Pre-test CNO 1.0 mg/kg, i.p. |
10 min | 1 h | C.N.E. | Jin et al., 2020 |