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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Orthod Craniofac Res. 2023 Apr 5;26(4):632–641. doi: 10.1111/ocr.12658

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

Overall characteristics and analysis of metabolites detected in clastic EVs. (A) Principal component analysis (PCA) plots of metabolomics profile based on principal component 1 (PC1) and principal component 2 (PC2) from mean intensity values of total detected metabolites from osteoclastic EVs (red circles), odontoclastic EVs (green circles) and clastic EVs (blue circles). The contribution ratios were 59.9% (positive) and 75.3% (negative). (B) Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to confirm differences between the metabolites for the different sources. Score plots for metabolites from osteoclastic EVs (red circles), odontoclastic EVs (green circles) and clastic EVs (blue circles) are plotted for positive and negative modes. (C) PLS-DA permutation test results yielded observed statistics of p = .98 (POS) and p = .42 (NEG) for 2 components. There were 39 (positive) and 40 (negative) features from PLS-DA that were significant with a VIP score of 2 or greater. These represent new potential biomarkers.