Figure 5: Associations between spontaneously active reservoirs and HIV-specific CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell responses.

(A) Net magnitude of HIV-specific CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells by AIM assay. (B) Heat map reporting the associations between AIM⁺ CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T responses and integrated DNA, inducible and spontaneous reservoirs. (C-E) Correlations between net AIM⁺ CD4⁺ responses and (C) integrated DNA, (D) inducible reservoirs, (E) spontaneous reservoirs. (F) Correlation between net AIM⁺ CD8⁺ T cell responses and spontaneous reservoirs. (G) Net magnitude of HIV-specific CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells defined by the ICS. (H) Heat map reporting the associations between cytokine⁺ CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T responses and integrated DNA, inducible and spontaneous reservoirs. (A,B,G,H) Peptide pools used to stimulate PMBCs are indicated. “HIV” responses were inferred by the sum of Gag, Pol, Env, and Nef net responses. In A and G, net magnitudes after background subtraction are shown. The bars indicate the median, and the error bars illustrate the interquartile range. The results from a Friedman test are shown above. In B and H, R and p (Spearman) values are shown. p <0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001. N=16 (1 participant had <5 vRNA⁺ cells, therefore could not be phenotyped).