Table 3. Associations Among Race, Neighborhood Factors, Individual Stressors, and Ideal Cardiovascular Health (ICH).
| ICH, AOR (95% CI)a | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Men | Women | |
| Total ICH score | |||
| Black participants | 0.53 (0.45-0.61) | 0.73 (0.57-0.93) | 0.45 (0.37-0.54) |
| White participants | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Demographics | |||
| Age, y | 1.00 (1.00-1.01) | 1.01 (1.00-1.02) | 1.00 (0.99-1.01) |
| Gender | |||
| Women | 1 [Reference] | ||
| Men | 0.87 (0.78-0.98) | ||
| Education | |||
| Less than high school | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| High school graduate | 1.33 (1.04-1.71) | 1.28 (0.84-1.97) | 1.35 (0.99-1.84) |
| Some college | 1.60 (1.24-2.05) | 1.81 (1.18-2.77) | 1.49 (1.09-2.03) |
| College graduate or above | 2.49 (1.94-3.21) | 2.88 (1.90-4.38) | 2.32 (1.69-3.18) |
| Annual household income, $ | |||
| <20 000 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 20 000-34 999 | 1.16 (0.94-1.42) | 0.96 (0.64-1.43) | 1.22 (0.96-1.56) |
| 35 000-74 999 | 1.15 (0.93-1.42) | 0.90 (0.61-1.34) | 1.26 (0.98-1.62) |
| ≥75 000 | 1.72 (1.36-2.17) | 1.14 (0.75-1.72) | 2.35 (1.74-3.17) |
| Refused to answer | 1.38 (1.10-1.74) | 1.08 (0.70-1.68) | 1.51 (1.15-1.98) |
| Marital status | |||
| Single | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Married | 1.42 (1.09-1.84) | 1.08 (0.69-1.70) | 1.56 (1.13-2.16) |
| Divorced | 1.44 (1.08-1.90) | 0.83 (0.49-1.41) | 1.78 (1.27-2.49) |
| Widowed | 1.13 (0.86-1.49) | 0.90 (0.54-1.51) | 1.28 (0.92-1.77) |
| Otherb | 1.21 (0.72-2.03) | 0.77 (0.31-1.89) | 1.53 (0.81-2.90) |
| Neighborhood stressors | |||
| Neighborhood physical characteristics | 0.98 (0.96-0.99) | 0.97 (0.94-1.00) | 0.98 (0.96-1.00) |
| Neighborhood safety | |||
| Unsafe | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Safe | 0.95 (0.84-1.09) | 1.03 (0.83-1.27) | 0.90 (0.76-1.07) |
| Very safe | 0.94 (0.81-1.10) | 1.02 (0.81-1.30) | 0.88 (0.72-1.07) |
| Neighborhood social cohesion | 1.05 (1.03-1.08) | 1.04 (1.00-1.09) | 1.07 (1.03-1.11) |
| Individual stressors | |||
| Perceived stress | 0.96 (0.94-0.98) | 0.97 (0.94-1.01) | 0.95 (0.92-0.97) |
| Discrimination | 0.89 (0.79-1.01) | 1.01 (0.83-1.23) | 0.80 (0.68-0.95) |
Abbreviation: AOR, adjusted odds ratio.
a
Models are fully adjusted for demographic characteristics, neighborhood physical environment, neighborhood safety, neighborhood social cohesion, perceived stress, and discrimination.
b
Other indicates unknown or refused to answer.