Table 1. Descriptive Statistics at Baselinea.
| Characteristicb | Low-cash gift group | High-cash gift group | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Total No. | Mean (SD) | Total No. | |
| Child sex, No. (%) | ||||
| Female | 301 (50.17) | 600 | 191 (47.75) | 400 |
| Male | 299 (49.83) | 600 | 209 (52.25) | 400 |
| Child weight at birth, lbs | 7.10 (1.08) | 599 | 7.10 (1.01) | 399 |
| Child gestational age, wk | 39.10 (1.25) | 596 | 39.00 (1.24) | 399 |
| Mother age at birth, y | 26.80 (5.82) | 600 | 27.40 (5.87) | 400 |
| Mother education, y | 11.90 (2.83) | 593 | 11.90 (2.96) | 398 |
| Mother race and ethnicity, No. (%) | ||||
| Black, non-Hispanic | 237 (39.50) | 600 | 177 (44.25) | 400 |
| Hispanic | 243 (40.50) | 600 | 166 (41.50) | 400 |
| White, non-Hispanic | 67 (11.17) | 600 | 34 (8.50) | 400 |
| Multiple, non-Hispanic | 24 (4.00) | 600 | 12 (3.00) | 400 |
| Other or unknownc | 27 (4.50) | 600 | 11 (2.75) | 400 |
| Mother marital status, No. (%) | ||||
| Never married | 255 (42.50) | 600 | 198 (49.50) | 400 |
| Single, living with partner | 156 (26.00) | 600 | 87 (21.75) | 400 |
| Married | 125 (20.83) | 600 | 86 (21.50) | 400 |
| Divorced or separated | 30 (5.00) | 600 | 11 (2.75) | 400 |
| Other family structure or status unknown | 34 (5.67) | 600 | 18 (4.50) | 400 |
| Mother health is good or better, No. (%) | 527 (87.83) | 600 | 367 (91.75) | 400 |
| Mother depression (CES-D)d | 6.80 (4.52) | 600 | 6.90 (4.61) | 400 |
| Cigarettes per week during pregnancy, No. | 5.00 (21.17) | 595 | 3.50 (11.76) | 397 |
| Alcohol drinks per week during pregnancy, No. | 0.20 (1.63) | 598 | 0.00 (0.39) | 399 |
| Children born to mother, No. | 2.40 (1.38) | 600 | 2.50 (1.41) | 400 |
| Adults in household, No. | 2.10 (1.00) | 600 | 2.00 (0.96) | 400 |
| Biological father lives in household, No. (%) | 238 (39.67) | 600 | 141 (35.25) | 400 |
| Household combined income, $ | 22 466 (21 360) | 562 | 20 918 (16 146) | 370 |
| Household income unknown, No. (%) | 38 (6.33) | 600 | 30 (7.50) | 400 |
| Household net worth, $ | −1981 (28 640) | 531 | −3308 (20 323) | 358 |
| Household net worth unknown, No. (%) | 69 (11.50) | 600 | 42 (10.50) | 400 |
| Household receives WIC, No. (%) | 407 (68.63) | 593 | 280 (70.53) | 397 |
| Household receives SNAP, No. (%) | 345 (58.18) | 593 | 233 (58.69) | 397 |
Abbreviations: CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; SNAP, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program; WIC, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.
a
Table adapted from Noble et al.13
b
All variables (excluding WIC/SNAP enrollment) are included as covariates in linear analyses.
c
Includes American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut; Asian or Pacific Islander; other; and unknown.
d
Scores range from 0-60, with higher scores reflecting greater depressive symptoms. A score of 16 or greater indicates a risk for clinical depression.