Table 2. Descriptive Statistics of Outcome Variables at Ages 1, 2, and 3 Years by Treatment Statusa.
| Outcome | Age 1 y | Age 2 y | Age 3 y | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low-cash gift group (n = 547) | High-cash gift group (n = 382) | Low-cash gift group (n = 543) | High-cash gift group (n = 376) | Low-cash gift group (n = 542) | High-cash gift group (n = 378) | |
| Child health | ||||||
| Maternal rating of child’s overall health (1 = excellent, 5 = poor) | 1.49 (0.73) | 1.51 (0.80) | 1.53 (0.76) | 1.51 (0.80) | 1.56 (0.82) | 1.61 (0.87) |
| Maternal report of whether child has a diagnosis of health condition or disability, No. (%) | 68 (12.45) | 59 (15.45) | 35 (6.46) | 25 (0.0665) | 53 (9.8) | 43 (11.41) |
| Overall poor health index | 2.93 (1.54) | 3.10 (1.72) | 2.48 (1.48) | 2.48 (1.54) | 2.51 (1.65) | 2.53 (1.55) |
| Nutritionb | ||||||
| Healthy foods (No. of times consumed per d) | NA | NA | 4.18 (2.12) | 4.50 (2.16) | NA | NA |
| Unhealthy foods (No. of times consumed per d) | NA | NA | 3.45 (2.21) | 3.48 (2.15) | NA | NA |
| Sleep | ||||||
| PROMIS–Sleep Disturbance scalec | 8.02 (3.44) | 7.70 (3.36) | 7.49 (3.47) | 7.61 (3.35) | 5.04 (2.61) | 5.10 (2.50) |
| Health care utilization | ||||||
| ≥2 Physician visits due to illness per y (%) | 287 (52.47) | 214 (56.02) | 170 (31.31) | 118 (31.38) | 172 (31.73) | 114 (30.16) |
| ≥2 Physician visits due to injury per y (%) | 9 (1.65) | 6 (1.57) | 18 (3.31) | 10 (2.66) | 20 (3.69) | 6 (1.59) |
| ED or urgent care visits per y | 0.78 (0.83) | 0.86 (0.85) | 0.54 (0.74) | 0.56 (0.76) | 0.49 (0.74) | 0.50 (0.73) |
Abbreviations: ED, emergency department; NA, not applicable; PROMIS, Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System.
a
Unless otherwise indicated, values are presented as mean (SD). Except for healthy food consumption, larger values indicate poorer outcomes in each domain.
b
Nutrition items were only administered on the age-2 survey.
c
One item was mistakenly excluded from the PROMIS-Sleep Disturbance Scale on the age-3 survey, resulting in a lower average score at that age.