Table 2.
Summary of associations of NAC and outcomes.
| Source | Population | Intervention | Control group | No. of studies | No. of Participants | GRADE rating | AMSTAR-2 rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CIN incidence | |||||||
| Bagshaw 2004 |
CIN patients undergoing intravascular angiography | NAC plus hydration | Hydration alone | 14 | 1,365 | High | 7 Low |
| Feng 2018 |
CIN patients undergoing contrast administration | NAC | Ascorbic acid | 3 | 683 | Moderate | 11 Moderate |
| Gonzales 2007 |
CIN (CT, LHC, PCI, PA) | NAC | Saline intravenously | 22 | 2,746 | Low | 9 Moderate |
| Li 2017 |
CIN patients undergoing coronary angioplasty | NAC | Hydration | 19 | 4,514 | Moderate | 11 Moderate |
| Loomba 2016 |
CIN patients undergoing peripheral vascular or coronary angiography |
NAC | Placebo | 23 | 5,199 | Moderate | 12 High |
| Magner 2022 |
CIN | NAC | Placebo, NS+ placebo, NaHCO3, theophylline, fenoldopam, or NS+ statin | 101 | 32,235 | Moderate | 15 High |
| Trivedi 2009 |
CIN | NAC | Hydration or placebo | 16 | 1,677 | Moderate | 5 Low |
| Wang 2016 |
CIN patients undergoing CAG with or without PCI |
NAC | Placebo | 43 | 6,554 | Moderate | 11 Moderate |
| Wu 2013 |
CIN patients undergoing contrast enhanced CT | NAC | Hydration alone | 6 | 496 | Low | 8 Moderate |
| Xie 2021 |
CIN | NAC | Without NAC | 57 | 18,592 | Moderate | 9 Moderate |
| Xu 2016 |
CIN | NAC | Hydration, hydration+ placebo or without NAC | 66 | 11,481 | Moderate | 12 High |
| Zagler 2006 |
CIN | NAC + hydration | hydration alone | 13 | 1892 | High | 7 Low |
| Change in Scr | |||||||
| Bagshaw 2004 |
CIN patients undergoing intravascular angiography | NAC plus hydration | Hydration alone | 8 | 623 | High | 7 Low |
| Feng 2018 |
CIN patients undergoing contrast administration | NAC | Ascorbic acid | 4 | 663 | High | 11 Moderate |
| Loomba 2016 |
CIN patients undergoing peripheral vascular or coronary angiography |
NAC | Placebo | 16 | 1868 | Low | 12 High |
| Wu 2013 |
CIN patients undergoing contrast enhanced CT | NAC | Hydration alone | 4 | 233 | Low | 8 Moderate |
| Xie 2021 |
CIN | NAC | Without NAC | 11 | 1,318 | Moderate | 9 Moderate |
| Requirement for dialysis | |||||||
| Gonzales 2007 |
CIN (CT, LHC, PCI, PA) | NAC | Saline intravenously | 22 | 2,746 | Low | 9 Moderate |
| Loomba 2016 |
CIN patients undergoing peripheral vascular or coronary angiography |
NAC | Placebo | 7 | 3,585 | Moderate | 12 High |
| Mortality | |||||||
| Loomba 2016 |
CIN patients undergoing peripheral vascular or coronary angiography |
NAC | Placebo | 3 | 453 | High | 12 High |
CT, computed tomography; LHC, left heart catheterization; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PA, peripheral angiography; ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI); PPCI, primary percutaneous coronary intervention; NAC, N-acetylcysteine; NS, saline solution; CAG, coronary angiography.