Table 3.

Fully adjusted associations^* of selected variables with 35,441 cases of new onset asthma (vs. no new onset asthma), 2008–2018.

Variable	Hazard Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)
	CRS sinus CT scan ever Model 1	CRS prevalence, two diagnoses Model 2
Models without sinus surgery in the model
CRS, positive CT scan, ever vs. never	Figure 1, model 1a
CRS, prevalent, two diagnoses vs. not		Figure 1, model 2a
Female vs. male	1.76 (1.72, 1.80)	1.76 (1.72, 1.80)
Race
White	1.0	1.0
African American	1.42 (1.36, 1.50)	1.42 (1.36, 1.50)
Mixed	2.01 (1.63, 2.48)	2.01 (1.63, 2.48)
Other	0.87 (0.79, 0.97)	0.87 (0.79, 0.97)
Missing	0.81 (0.67, 0.97)	0.81 (0.67, 0.97)
Hispanic vs. non-Hispanic ethnicity	1.66 (1.58, 1.74)	1.66 (1.58, 1.74)
Medical Assistance, > 0% time vs. never	1.54 (1.50, 1.59)	1.55 (1.50, 1.59)
Tobacco use
Never	1.0	1.0
Current	1.26 (1.22, 1.29)	1.26 (1.22, 1.29)
Former	1.19 (1.16, 1.23)	1.19 (1.16, 1.23)
Unknown	1.15 (1.11, 1.19)	1.15 (1.11, 1.19)
Pneumonia, ever vs. never	0.61 (0.56, 0.66)	0.60 (0.56, 0.65)
COPD, ever vs. never, two diagnoses	1.06 (0.98, 1.15)	1.06 (0.98, 1.14)
Allergic rhinitis, ever vs. never, two diagnoses	1.48 (1.42, 1.54)	1.45 (1.39, 1.51)
GERD, ever vs. never, two diagnoses	1.41 (1.35, 1.47)	1.40 (1.34, 1.46)
Eosinophils, ever > 500 cells/μL	1.28 (1.22, 1.35)	1.28 (1.22, 1.35)
OSA, ever vs. never, two diagnoses	1.19 (1.13, 1.26)	1.19 (1.13, 1.26)
Models with sinus surgery in the model
	Model 2a	Model 2b
CRS, positive CT scan, ever vs. never	Figure 1, model 1b
CRS, prevalent, two diagnoses vs. not		Figure 1, model 2b
Sinus surgery†, ever	Figure 1, model 1b	Figure 1, model 2b

Abbreviations: COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRS = chronic rhinosinusitis; CT = computed tomography; GERD = gastroesophageal reflux disease; OSA = obstructive sleep apnea

^*All models also included age (linear, squared, and cubic terms), cumulative outpatient encounters through calendar year (0, 1 to < 3, 3 to < 6, 6 to < 11 [reference], 11 to < 18, 18 to < 30, 30+), body mass index (BMI, BMI²), and year (indicator for every year 2008 to 2018 vs. 2013 [reference]). All covariates were assessed through the end of the risk set year. Models 2a and 2b are the same as 1a and 1b except that sinus surgery was added to the two separate models.

^†Identified with procedure codes or with sinus CT scan text indicating prior sinus surgery