Table 1.
Patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics
| 2D-IGBTa (2007–2016) | 3D-IGBTb (2017–2021) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of cases | 71 | 61 | |
| Follow up period (months) | |||
| Median (range) | 72.7 (4.6–183.9) | 30.0 (4.2–70.5) | < 0.0001 |
| Age (years) | 65.0 (40–93) | 60.0 (28–87) | 0.0125 |
| Stage | |||
| Ib/II/III/IVa | 7/28/29/7 | 6/25/21/9 | 0.7998 |
| Histology | |||
| Squamous ca.c/Adeno.ca.d/Other | 59/10/2 | 59/6/0 | 0.4765 |
| Tumor diametere (cm) | 5.0 (1–10) | 5.7 (1–8.6) | 0.1468 |
| Pelvic lymph node involvementf | |||
| Yes/No | 35/36 | 41/20 | 0.0518 |
| Para-aortic lymph node involvement | |||
| Yes/No | 11/60 | 14/47 | 0.3732 |
| Pretreatment hemoglobin level(g/dL) | 11.1 (7.3–14.8) | 12.0 (6.4–15.0) | 0.1098 |
| Overall treatment time (days) | 48 (36–85) | 48 (38–63) | 0.3409 |
| Point A dose (Gyg) | 56.1 (40–74) | 64.0 (52–76.8) | < 0.0001 |
| HR-CTVh D90 (Gyg) | 70.9 (53.7–93.5) | ||
| Bladder D2cc (Gyg) | 77.6 (64.1–105.2) | ||
| Rectum D2cc (Gyg) | 58.5 (39.6–58.5) | ||
| Sigmoid colon D2cc (Gyg) | 58.2 (35.7–73.8) | ||
| Chemotherapy (CTx) | |||
| Yes/No | 46/25 | 52/9 | 0.0093 |
| Times of CTx | |||
| Less than five times/Five times or more | 21/25 | 10/42 | 0.0004 |
| Adjuvant CTx | |||
| Yes/No | 40/31 | 32/29 | 0.7268 |
| Local recurrence (cases) | 10 | 3 | |
| Regional recurrencei (cases) | 8 | 4 | |
| Distant metastasisj (cases) | 28 | 10 | |
| All recurrence (cases) | 32 | 11 | |
aBrachytherapy with two-dimensional imaging
bBrachytherapy with CT-guided three-dimensional imaging
cSquamous cell carcinoma
dAdenocarcinoma
eTumor diameter was measured using the maximum length meter
fLymph node involvement was defined as a diameter > 1 cm or positive FDG-PET
gEQD2 (biologically equivalent dose; reference dose per fraction = 2 Gy, linear quadratic model, α/β = 10 Gy point A and HR-CTV, α/β = 3 Gy Bladder, Rectum, and Sigmoid colon)
hHigh-risk clinical target volume
iRegional recurrence was defined as recurrence inside the radiation field except for the cervix of the uterus
jDistant metastasis was defined as recurrence outside the radiation field